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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">For Amele, a Papuan language of Papua
New Guinea, Roberts (1987: 170-175) describes 31 different classes
of inalienable possessive indexing, e.g.<br>
<br>
aide-ni/aide-n 'my/your wife'<br>
hohu-ni/hohu-nin 'my/your tail'<br>
ai-mi/ai-m 'my/your tooth'<br>
cot-i/cot-in 'my/your brother'<br>
<br>
This rich variety of lexically conditioned adpossessive inflection
classes seems definitely unusual.<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
On 09.10.19 22:02, Heath Jeffrey wrote:<br>
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<div>For an un-subtle divergence within "inalienable" you might
consider Nunggubuyu aka Wubuy (Australia) and its relatives.
Kinship has a special pronominal affix paradigm that is totally
unlike alienable possession. Partonyms (especially for nonhuman
things) express "possession" by derivational noun-class harmony
with the noun denoting the whole; both of them can then be
marked by outer (inflectional) noun-class markers. </div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt"
face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b>
Lingtyp <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a> on
behalf of ARNOLD Laura <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:Laura.Arnold@ed.ac.uk"><Laura.Arnold@ed.ac.uk></a><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, October 9, 2019 2:33 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Differential inalienable marking</font>
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<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<span>Dear colleagues,<br>
</span>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I’m investigating a feature that I’m calling
‘differential inalienable marking’. Differential inalienable
marking is found in some languages with a morphosyntactic
alienability distinction in adnominal possessive
constructions. In ‘inalienable’ constructions (i.e., those
constructions that are more closely associated with
expressing inalienable relationships between the possessor
and possessee, such as body parts and kin terms), these
languages make a further morphological or morphosyntactic
distinction – for example, with two distinct paradigms
marking the person and number of the possessor.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>This distinction may be semantically conditioned – for
example, kin terms may be marked with one paradigm, body
parts another. Below is an example from Ambai
(Austronesian), in which a 3sg possessor is predictably
marked on kin terms with the suffix
<i>-na</i>, and on body parts with <i>-n</i>.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>(1) Ambai (Silzer 1983: 88-9)</div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px; border:none; padding:0px">
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div>(a) ina<b style="color:inherit; font-family:inherit;
font-size:inherit; font-style:inherit;
font-variant-ligatures:inherit;
font-variant-caps:inherit; background-color:">-na</b></div>
<div> mother-3sg</div>
<div> ‘his/her mother’</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px; border:none; padding:0px">
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div>(b) awe<b>-n</b></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px; border:none; padding:0px">
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div> foot-3sg</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px; border:none; padding:0px">
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div> ‘his/her foot’</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Alternatively, the distinction may be lexically
specified. In Kula (Timor-Alor-Pantar), the possessor is
marked on most body parts and kin terms with one paradigm;
however, there is a subset of body parts which are
unpredictably marked with a different paradigm. This is
exemplified in (2): a 1st person exclusive possessor is
marked on the body part
<i>nikwa</i> ‘eye’ with the prefix <i>ng-</i>, but on the
body part <i>kárik</i> ‘finger’ with
<i>nge-</i>.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>(2) Kula (Williams 2017: 226)<br>
</div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin:0 0 0 40px; border:none; padding:0px">
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div>(a) <b>ng</b>-nikwa</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div> 1excl-eye </div>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div> ‘my/our eye’</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div><br>
</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div>(b) <b>nge-</b>kárik </div>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div> 1excl-finger</div>
</div>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div> ‘my/our finger’</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;
font-size:12pt; color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Note that I am <b>not </b>counting either phonologically
predictable allomorphy or free variation as differential
inalienable marking.
<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>This feature is attested in several languages spoken in
east Indonesia. Has anyone come across differential
inalienable marking elsewhere in the world? (As you can see
from the examples, the distinction may be very subtle…)<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>With best wishes from Edinburgh,<br>
</div>
<div>Laura<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>~~~ <br>
</div>
<div>Laura Arnold<br>
</div>
<div>British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Room 1.13, Dugald Stewart Building<br>
</div>
<div>School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences<br>
</div>
<span>University of Edinburgh </span><br>
</div>
The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in
Scotland, with registration number SC005336.
</div>
<br>
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<br>
<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10
D-07745 Jena
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig </pre>
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