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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Dear Laura<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Maybe you know<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes">Bronis</span></font><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes">ł</span></font><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes">aw
Malinowski 1923. “The psychology of sex and the foundations of kinship in primitive societies”.
<i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Psyche</span></i> 4: 98-128 with some interesting remarks about inalienability in Kilivila (Trobriand Island), including one on page 104 on difference of (grammatical)
alienability of menstrual vs. other blood. <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes">See also Gunter Senft
1986. <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal"><span style="font-style:italic;mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Kilivila. The language of the Trobriand islanders.</span></i> Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, chapters 4.2.2 and 4.3.2.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes">Also my 1984 paper
(published before Senft’s book, hence without reference to it) available from <a href="https://www.academia.edu/698330/A_field_manual_for_readers_of_The_problem_of_meaning_in_primitive_languages_by_Bronislaw_Malinowski">
https://www.academia.edu/698330/A_field_manual_for_readers_of_The_problem_of_meaning_in_primitive_languages_by_Bronislaw_Malinowski</a></span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes">
(section 4, esp. p. 34-35).<font color="#1f497d"><span style="color:#1F497D"><o:p></o:p></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US">Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" color="#1f4e79" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F4E79;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-weight:bold;mso-no-proof:yes">Hartmut Haberland</span></font></b><font size="2" color="#1f4e79" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F4E79;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes"><br>
Professor emeritus</span></font><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="2" color="#1f4e79" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F4E79;mso-no-proof:yes"><img border="0" width="100" height="42" id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://intra.ruc.dk/fileadmin/assets/adm/campusit/ruc.png" alt="RUC"></span></font><font size="2" color="#1f4e79" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F4E79;mso-ansi-language:EN-US;mso-no-proof:yes"><br>
<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Roskilde University</span></b><br>
Department of Communication and Arts<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto"><font size="2" color="#1f4e79" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F4E79;mso-no-proof:yes">Universitetsvej 1<br>
DK-4000 Roskilde<br>
Telephone: +45 46742841</span></font><font size="1" color="#1f4e79" face="Arial"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1F4E79;mso-no-proof:yes"><br style="mso-special-character:line-break">
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<![endif]></span></font><span style="mso-no-proof:yes"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="2" color="#1f497d" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#1F497D;mso-ansi-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<div style="border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US;font-weight:bold">Fra:</span></font></b><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-US">
Lingtyp <lingtyp-</span></font><font size="2" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">På vegne af </span></b>ARNOLD Laura<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Sendt:</span></b> 9. oktober 2019 20:34<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Til:</span></b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">Emne:</span></b> [Lingtyp] Differential inalienable marking<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">I’m investigating a feature that I’m calling ‘differential inalienable marking’.
Differential inalienable marking is found in some languages with a morphosyntactic alienability distinction in adnominal possessive constructions. In ‘inalienable’ constructions (i.e., those constructions that are more closely associated with expressing inalienable
relationships between the possessor and possessee, such as body parts and kin terms), these languages make a further morphological or morphosyntactic distinction – for example, with two distinct paradigms marking the person and number of the possessor.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">This distinction may be semantically conditioned – for example, kin terms
may be marked with one paradigm, body parts another. Below is an example from Ambai (Austronesian), in which a 3sg possessor is predictably marked on kin terms with the suffix
<i><span style="font-style:italic">-na</span></i>, and on body parts with <i><span style="font-style:italic">-n</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">(1) Ambai (Silzer 1983: 88-9)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">(a) ina</span></font><b><font color="black" face="inherit"><span style="font-family:"inherit",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;font-weight:bold">-na</span></font></b><font color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> mother-3sg<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> ‘his/her mother’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">(b) awe<b><span style="font-weight:bold">-n</span></b><o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> foot-3sg<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> ‘his/her foot’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Alternatively, the distinction may be lexically specified. In Kula (Timor-Alor-Pantar),
the possessor is marked on most body parts and kin terms with one paradigm; however, there is a subset of body parts which are unpredictably marked with a different paradigm. This is exemplified in (2): a 1st person exclusive possessor is marked on the body
part <i><span style="font-style:italic">nikwa</span></i> ‘eye’ with the prefix <i>
<span style="font-style:italic">ng-</span></i>, but on the body part <i><span style="font-style:italic">kárik</span></i> ‘finger’ with
<i><span style="font-style:italic">nge-</span></i>.<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">(2) Kula (Williams 2017: 226)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">(a)
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">ng</span></b>-nikwa<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> 1excl-eye <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> ‘my/our eye’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">(b)
<b><span style="font-weight:bold">nge-</span></b>kárik <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> 1excl-finger<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"> ‘my/our finger’<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Note that I am <b><span style="font-weight:bold">not </span></b>counting either
phonologically predictable allomorphy or free variation as differential inalienable marking.
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">This feature is attested in several languages spoken in east Indonesia. Has
anyone come across differential inalienable marking elsewhere in the world? (As you can see from the examples, the distinction may be very subtle…)<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">With best wishes from Edinburgh,<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Laura<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">~~~
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Laura Arnold<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">Room 1.13, Dugald Stewart Building<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" color="black" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black">University of Edinburgh <o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font size="3" face="Calibri"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336.
<o:p></o:p></span></font></p>
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