<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Thanks, Randy, for bringing Wayne Lea's article to the attention of everyone. I distinctly remember Wayne creating the term "tonoexodus" at our workshop on "Consonant types and tone" in 1973 as a welcome counterpart to Jim Matisoff's "tonogenesis". You can find it on page 66 of his article:</div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div>"Similar arguments about 'tonogenesis' and 'tonoexodus' might be made for any major FØ effects due to the manner of consonant articulation (such as as sonorant versus obstruent contrast) or suprasegmental influences such as constituent structure and positions in total intonation contours."</div><div><br></div><div>Although less easy to study the mechanisms of such a change, quite a number of languages have lost tone, including Niger-Congo (NC) and other African languages. See page 71 of this,</div><div><br></div><div><a href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t692652">https://escholarship.org/uc/item/1t692652</a><br></div><div><br></div><div>published as:</div><div><br></div><div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.75in;line-height:12pt;text-align:justify;font-size:12pt;font-family:Times"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:"Charis SIL";background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial">Hyman, Larry M. 2017. On reconstructing tone
in Proto-Niger-Congo. In Valentin Vydrin & Anastasia Lyakhovich (eds),<i> In the hot yellow Africa</i>, 175-191. St.
Petersburg: Nestor-Istoria.</span></p></div><div><br></div><div>However, the term "tonoexodus" has not caught on the same way as "tonoexodus".<br><br></div><div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Nov 8, 2019 at 5:51 AM Randy J. LaPolla <<a href="mailto:randy.lapolla@gmail.com">randy.lapolla@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">Thanks very much, Rikker! I had looked for the volume online but couldn’t find it. In the Lea article the term “tonoexodus” as a term doesn’t appear, but the expression “genesis and exodus of tonal contrasts” does appear. I’ll have to ask Jim if that is where he got the idea.<div><br></div><div>All the best,</div><div>Randy<br><div>
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" size="2"><a href="https://www.routledge.com/Sino-Tibetan-Linguistics/LaPolla/p/book/9780415577397" style="color:rgb(149,79,114)" target="_blank">https://www.routledge.com/Sino-Tibetan-Linguistics/LaPolla/p/book/9780415577397</a></font></span></div><div><span style="background-color:white"><br></span></div></div></div></span></span></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div><br><br>
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<div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On 8 Nov 2019, at 9:30 PM, Rikker Dockum <<a href="mailto:rikker.dockum@gmail.com" target="_blank">rikker.dockum@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br><div><div><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto">Hi Randy,</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Right you are, thanks for the correction! I had misremembered. Since Matisoff used “tonogenesis” in a couple of papers before 1973, as early as 1970 if memory serves, he is a likely candidate and known word coiner, though in any case, “tonogenesis” and “tonoexodus” form a clever pair.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">I’ve sometimes lamented that we don’t have a similar term for “tone change” that refers specifically to diachronic change within established tone systems, but it’s probably unnecessary. Or perhaps just that everything I brainstormed sounded terrible!</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto">That entire 1973 volume is available here: </div><div dir="auto"><div dir="auto"><a href="https://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/56/docs/SCOPIL1-consonant_types_and_tone.pdf" target="_blank">https://dornsife.usc.edu/assets/sites/56/docs/SCOPIL1-consonant_types_and_tone.pdf</a></div></div></div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Best,</div><div dir="auto">Rikker </div></div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Nov 8, 2019 at 8:15 AM Randy J. LaPolla <<a href="mailto:randy.lapolla@gmail.com" target="_blank">randy.lapolla@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;">Hi Rikker,<div>Not to diminish the importance of Martha’s work, but the term “tonoexodus” was used in two papers in the 1973 <i>Consonant Types and Tones </i>volume edited by Larry Hyman <i>(Southern California Occasional Papers in Linguistic No. 1): </i>Matisoff, James A. "Tonogenesis in Southeast Asia" (for whom gaining and losing tones is a cyclical phenomenon), and Lea, Wayne A. "Segmental and suprasegmental influences on fundamental frequency contours". (Actually don’t have a copy of the latter, so can’t check if the term is used there, but Matisoff cites that article when he mentions the term.)<div><br></div><div>Randy<br><div>
<div dir="auto" style="letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div dir="auto" style="text-align:start;text-indent:0px"><div style="text-align:start;text-indent:0px"><div style="text-align:start;text-indent:0px"><div style="text-align:start;text-indent:0px"><div style="text-align:start;text-indent:0px"><div style="text-align:start;text-indent:0px"><div style="text-align:start;text-indent:0px"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white">-----</span></span><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;text-align:-webkit-auto;border-spacing:0px"><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="border-collapse:separate;text-align:-webkit-auto;border-spacing:0px"><span style="border-collapse:separate;text-align:-webkit-auto;border-spacing:0px"><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white"><b>Randy J. LaPolla, PhD FAHA</b> （羅</span><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white;font-size:13px"><font face="Song">仁地</font></span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34);background-color:white">）</span></div><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color:white"><font color="#222222" face="Arial, sans-serif" size="2">Professor of Linguistics, with courtesy appointment in Chinese, School of Humanities </font></span></div><div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13.3333px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)">Nanyang Technological University</span></div><div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34)"><span style="background-color:white">HSS-<a href="https://www.google.com/maps/search/03-45,+48+Nanyang+Avenue+%7C+Singapore?entry=gmail&source=g" target="_blank">03-45, 48 Nanyang Avenue</a> </span></span></span><span style="color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:13.3333px;background-color:rgb(255,255,255);text-align:-webkit-auto"><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/search/03-45,+48+Nanyang+Avenue+%7C+Singapore?entry=gmail&source=g" target="_blank">|</a> </span><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34)"><span style="background-color:white"><a href="https://www.google.com/maps/search/03-45,+48+Nanyang+Avenue+%7C+Singapore?entry=gmail&source=g" target="_blank">Singapore</a> 639818</span></span></span></div><div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="text-align:-webkit-auto;background-color:white;color:rgb(34,34,34);font-family:Arial,sans-serif;font-size:10pt"><a href="http://randylapolla.net/" target="_blank">http://randylapolla.net/</a></span></div><div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34)"><span style="background-color:white">Most recent books:</span></span></span></div><div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;font-size:15px"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Arial,sans-serif;color:rgb(34,34,34)"><span style="background-color:white"><i>The Sino-Tibetan Languages, 2nd Edition (</i>2017)</span></span></span></div><div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="background-color:white"><font color="#222222" face="Arial, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="https://www.routledge.com/The-Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/book/9781138783324" target="_blank">https://www.routledge.com/The-Sino-Tibetan-Languages-2nd-Edition/LaPolla-Thurgood/p/book/9781138783324</a></font></span></div><div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="background-color:white"><font color="#222222" face="Arial, sans-serif" size="2"><i>Sino-Tibetan Linguistics </i>(2018)</font></span></div><div style="letter-spacing:normal;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div style="overflow-wrap: break-word;"><span style="background-color:white"><font color="#222222" face="Arial, sans-serif" size="2"><a href="https://www.routledge.com/Sino-Tibetan-Linguistics/LaPolla/p/book/9780415577397" style="color:rgb(149,79,114)" target="_blank">https://www.routledge.com/Sino-Tibetan-Linguistics/LaPolla/p/book/9780415577397</a></font></span></div><div><br></div></div></div></span></span></div></span></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br>
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<div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On 8 Nov 2019, at 8:39 PM, Rikker Dockum <<a href="mailto:rikker.dockum@gmail.com" target="_blank">rikker.dockum@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br><div><div><div dir="auto">Hi Ian,</div></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">The term “tonoexodus” was coined by Martha Ratliff (Ratliff 2015). In that paper she describes loss of lexical tone in clusters of atonal languages in Bantu and Atlantic, both in the otherwise tonal Niger-Congo family. The pathway is through reanalysis of a high frequency prominent tone as accent. And she describes another case of radical tone merger as a pathway to likely early stage tonoexodus in Nghe An Vietnamese. There are also many references you can follow up in there, too.</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Here is the paper: <div><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277816423_Tonoexodus_Tonogenesis_and_Tone_Change" target="_blank">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/277816423_Tonoexodus_Tonogenesis_and_Tone_Change</a></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">Best,</div><div dir="auto">Rikker Dockum</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div dir="auto">—</div><div dir="auto">Rikker Dockum</div><div dir="auto">Visiting Assistant Professor</div><div dir="auto">Linguistics Department</div><div dir="auto">Swarthmore College</div></div><div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Nov 8, 2019 at 2:36 AM Joo, Ian <<a href="mailto:joo@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">joo@shh.mpg.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Dear fellow typologists,<br>
<br>
Middle Korean had lexical tones, and they are well recorded in 15th century Korean written in Hangul, but in contemporary Korean, they are lost.<br>
Are there any other languages that experienced the loss of tone (tonothanasia?) whose written history keeps track of this loss?<br>
Or is Korean unique in this regard?<br>
<br>
>From Jena, Germany,<br>
Ian<br>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div>Larry M. Hyman, Professor of Linguistics & Executive Director, France-Berkeley Fund</div><div>Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley</div><div><a href="http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/people/person_detail.php?person=19" target="_blank">http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/people/person_detail.php?person=19</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>