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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi all,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’m looking for resources and/or discussion on analytical choices in how much information to gloss, especially with regards to consistency in a reference grammar. (I searched the archive and didn’t see anything recently about this.)
<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’m working with a language that has quite complex verbal morphology, where information is distributed and cumulative across multiple morphemes. Each morpheme has many possible meanings, that can only be determined based on the other morphemes
in the word. Any given morpheme may also have meanings across many different domains (agreement, TAM, etc.). There seem to be several approaches: gloss all possible meanings for that morpheme (no matter the form), gloss only the possible meanings for that
morpheme (in the given form), or gloss only the intended meanings (given the entire context). This is without even getting into historical meanings of the morpheme! These choices result in either an avalanche or dearth of potentially useful information. However,
my main concern is consistency and a principled way of restricting my glosses to a practical and informative amount of meanings.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thank you for your advice,<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Kate<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">For those interested in a concrete example in Ende – see below.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">---<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Some examples of my glossing issues are in Table 1. The glosses of some morphemes are straightforward, i.e.
<i>go-</i> = remote past, <i>-g-</i> = perfective auxiliary, <i>-n</i> = durative. However…<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(1)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span><![endif]>Should the subject suffix –eya be glossed one way in the remote past form (1|2duS) and another way in the future tense form (1duS)? Or should a combination of the meanings be presented for both? In transitive forms, -<i>eya</i> indexes
1|2nsgA in the remote past and 1nsgA in the future. Again, should the meanings be combined for consistency across valencies/tenses or should a different gloss be used within each form?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(2)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span><![endif]>Should <i>a-</i> in the future tense be glossed as recent past (to maintain consistency with the recent past forms) or future.2, as the recent past allomorph is selected only for 2<sup>nd</sup> person subjects (or 2<sup>nd</sup> person
objects in transitive forms), but in so doing losing its connection to the recent past within the gloss?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(3)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span><![endif]>When the remote past/future subject suffix –<i>eya</i> is preceded by the durative suffix –<i>n</i>, the recent past allomorph is used instead.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(4)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span><![endif]>In some transitive verbs, the agent agreement is marked in the prefix (where objects are typically marked) not the suffix, and the subject suffix is a dummy morpheme, fixed as
<i>–eyo </i>not agreeing with 3nsgA but just standing in in the paradigm. In these cases, should the morpheme in these cases be glossed as 3nsgA (even though it is a dummy morph) or glossed as dummy in some way?<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoListParagraph" style="text-indent:-.25in;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1"><![if !supportLists]><span style="mso-list:Ignore">(5)<span style="font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"">
</span></span><![endif]>Just in general, should the subject suffixes include tense in their glossing? Sometimes (e.g., a-g-eyo), the subject suffix is necessary for determining the tense of the form.<o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Table 1 – -g- ‘perfective auxiliary’<o:p></o:p></p>
<table class="MsoTableGrid" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">Remote past<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">Recent past<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Future<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">1duS<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">go-g-eya<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">a-g-alla<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">bo-g-eya<o:p></o:p></p>
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</tr>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">2duS<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">go-g-eya<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">a-g-alla<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">a-g-eyo<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">3duS<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">go-g-eyo<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">a-g-allo<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">bo-g-eyo<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">1duS.dur<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">go-g-n-alla<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">a-g-n-alla<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">bo-g-n-alla<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">2duS.dur<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">go-g-n-alla<o:p></o:p></p>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">a-g-n-alla<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">a-g-n-eyo<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
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<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-top:none;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">3duS.dur<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">go-g-n-eyo<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">a-g-n-allo<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
<td width="312" valign="top" style="width:77.9pt;border-top:none;border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal">bo-g-n-eyo<o:p></o:p></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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