<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Bernard Comrie comes pretty close to suggesting something of the sort that Martin asks about in his 1992 paper cited below.<div class="">For example, the universal that "no language has only nasalized vowels" (or "all languages have oral vowels”) is</div><div class="">attributed to there being a sole historical source of nasalized vowels from a sequence of a vowel plus a nasal (either order).</div><div class="">While Proto-World is not given explicitly a role here, the implication that all proto-languages — projected back far</div><div class="">enough in time — had only oral vowels comes pretty close.<div class=""><table border="0" class="references" style="font-size: 14px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 20px; margin-left: 20px; font-family: arial;"><tbody style="vertical-align: top;" class=""><tr id="atypb1" class=""><td valign="top" style="padding-bottom: 15px;" class=""><hr class=""></td></tr><tr id="atypb2" class=""><td class="refnumber" style="padding-bottom: 15px;"></td><td valign="top" style="padding-bottom: 15px;" class="">Comrie, B. <span class="NLM_year">1992</span>: <span class="NLM_article-title">Before complexity</span>. In Hawkins, J.A. and Gell-Mann, M. , editors, The evolution of human languages, Santa Fe Institute Studies in the Sciences of Complexity XI, <span class="NLM_publisher-loc">Redwood City, CA</span>: <span class="NLM_publisher-name">Addison-Wesley</span> , <span class="NLM_fpage">193</span>–<span class="NLM_lpage">211</span></td></tr></tbody></table><div class="">Ian Maddieson</div><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jan 20, 2020, at 12:04, Harald Hammarström <<a href="mailto:harald@bombo.se" class="">harald@bombo.se</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="">Re basic constituent order argued to be (partly) the reflection of proto-world SOV, see:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Gell-Mann, Murray & Merritt Ruhlen. 2011. The origin and evolution of</div><div class="">word order. PNAS: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of</div><div class="">the United States of America 108(42). 17290-17295.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class="">Maurits, Luke & Thomas L. Gri?ths. 2014. Tracing the roots of syntax</div><div class="">with Bayesian phylogenetics. PNAS 111(37). 13576?13581.</div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><div class="">Newmeyer, Frederick J. 2000. On the reconstruction of 'Proto-World' word</div><div class="">order. In Chris Knight, Michael Studdert-Kennedy & James R. Hurford</div><div class="">(eds.), The evolutionary emergence of language: social function and the</div><div class="">origins of linguistic form, 372-390. Cambridge: Cambridge University</div><div class="">Press.</div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></div></div></div><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Pada tanggal Sen, 20 Jan 2020 pukul 18.45 Haspelmath, Martin <<a href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" class="">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>> menulis:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div class="">
Dear all,<br class="">
<br class="">
Does anyone know a case where it has been proposed (or suggested) concretely that an observed universal tendency (or absolute universal) is due to inheritance from Proto-World?<br class="">
<br class="">
Cysouw (2011: 417) has suggested this as a possibility:<br class="">
<br class="">
<font size="-1" class="">"It is possible that there are still founder effects available in the current distribution of the world’s languages, i.e., that there are preferences in the current world’s languages that go back to incidental events during the spread of languages
over the world (Maslova 2000)."</font><br class="">
<br class="">
But while this is logically possible, are there any concrete suggestions with a global scope?<br class="">
Word order universals such as the Greenbergian correlations, or phonological universals such as vowel dispersion cannot be due to Proto-World (or some other founder effect), because the universality lies in the implicational patterns, not in specific structures
that all languages share. Has anyone suggested that any other universal properties (e.g. the fact that all languages can express negation or questions, or that agent-patient organization is universal, or that all languages have recursion) may be due to Proto-World
inheritance?<br class="">
<br class="">
Thanks,<br class="">
Martin<br class="">
<br class="">
************<br class="">
<br class="">
References:<br class="">
<div style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em" class="">
<div class="">Cysouw, Michael. 2011. Understanding transition probabilities.
<i class="">Linguistic Typology</i> 15(2). 415–431.<br class="">
</div>
<span title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Understanding%20transition%20probabilities&rft.jtitle=Linguistic%20Typology&rft.volume=15&rft.issue=2&rft.aufirst=Michael&rft.aulast=Cysouw&rft.au=Michael%20Cysouw&rft.date=2011&rft.pages=415%E2%80%93431&rft.spage=415&rft.epage=431" class=""></span></div>
<span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times" class=""></span>
<div title="Page 3" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">Maslova, Elena. 2000. A dynamic approach to the verification of distributional universals.
<i class="">Linguistic Typology</i> 4. 307 – 333.<br class=""><div class=""><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Times" class=""></span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div>
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<pre cols="72" class="">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank" class="">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10
D-07745 Jena
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig </pre>
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