<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">I would add that allocutive particles in Dravidian languages could be seen as a somewhat open class, which periodically absorbs nouns: e.g. Telugu -ayyā < ayya 'lord', and Tamil =sār < English "sir".<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Siva</div><div class=""><br class=""><div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 22 Jan 2020, at 11:23 am, Siva Kalyan <<a href="mailto:sivakalyan.princeton@gmail.com" class="">sivakalyan.princeton@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=utf-8" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Some Dravidian languages also have allocutive markers (though I've never seen them described as such). Telugu has at least =rā (informal) and -aṇḍi (respectful); Tamil has at least the following:<div class=""><ul class="MailOutline"><li class="">=ḍā (informal masculine)</li><li class="">=ḍī (informal feminine)</li><li class="">=pā (intimate masculine)</li><li class="">=mā (intimate feminine)</li><li class="">=kā (intimate elder sister)</li><li class="">-ṅga(ḷ) (respectful)</li></ul><div class="">The "intimate" allocutive particles (my terminology) are historically contractions of kin terms (appā 'father', ammā 'mother', akkā 'elder sister'—other kin terms may also contract in this way, but I've only ever heard it with these three, the last one very rarely). Also, =mā and =pā don't exactly line up with female and male addressee, as =mā can also be used by a female speaker to a male addressee; also, =ḍā can be used when speaking to a child regardless of gender.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Siva</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 22 Jan 2020, at 8:35 am, Vladimir Panov <<a href="mailto:panovmeister@gmail.com" class="">panovmeister@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class="">Dear Scott,<br class=""><br class="">Françoise is right about the allocutive. There is a paper by Anton Antonov i which this category is treated typologically:</div><div dir="ltr" class=""><br class=""></div><div dir="ltr" class="">Antonov, Anton. 2015. Verbal allocutivity in a crosslinguistic perspective. <i class="">Linguistic Typology</i> 19(1). 55–85.<div class=""><div class="gmail-csl-bib-body" style="line-height:1.35;margin-left:2em">
<span class="gmail-Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Ajournal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Verbal%20allocutivity%20in%20a%20crosslinguistic%20perspective&rft.jtitle=Linguistic%20Typology&rft.volume=19&rft.issue=1&rft.aufirst=Anton&rft.aulast=Antonov&rft.au=Anton%20Antonov&rft.date=2015&rft.pages=55-85&rft.spage=55&rft.epage=85"></span></div></div></div><div dir="ltr" class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Best,</div><div class="">Vladimir</div></div><br class=""><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">вт, 21 янв. 2020 г. в 12:18, Scott Delancey <<a href="mailto:delancey@uoregon.edu" class="">delancey@uoregon.edu</a>>:<br class=""></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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Bodo (Tibeto-Burman, NE India) has a set of particles, two used by men and two by women, which indicate that the conversation is friendly and informal. Reminiscent of Thai
<i class="">krap</i> and <i class="">khaa</i>, but with the opposite sense. Does anyone know if anyone has encountered such a category and given it a label? I need to decide what to call these, and would just as soon not make up a term if someone has already done it.</div>
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<div style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class="">
Scott DeLancey</div>
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