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<span>(I just tried to send this, but received an error message so I'm re-sending – apologies if this is a duplicate...)</span></div>
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<span>Dear Alice,<br>
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<div>In Ambel (Austronesian > South Halmahera-West New Guinea), <i>e</i> is the vocative used over short distances, and
<i>u</i> is a used over greater distances. See p617 of the Ambel grammar (<a href="https://www.academia.edu/38010930/A_grammar_of_Ambel_An_Austronesian_language_of_Raja_Ampat_west_New_Guinea" id="LPlnk840967">https://www.academia.edu/38010930/A_grammar_of_Ambel_An_Austronesian_language_of_Raja_Ampat_west_New_Guinea</a>).<br>
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<div>All the best,<br>
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<span>Laura</span><br>
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<span><span>~~~ <br>
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<div>Laura Arnold<br>
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<div>British Academy Postdoctoral Fellow<br>
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<div>Room 1.13, Dugald Stewart Building<br>
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<div>School of Philosophy, Psychology & Language Sciences<br>
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<div>University of Edinburgh </div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Harold Koch <Harold.Koch@anu.edu.au><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 12 February 2020 04:43<br>
<b>To:</b> alice.gaby@monash.edu <alice.gaby@monash.edu>; <LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG> <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Vocative markers expressing distance</font>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Hi Alice</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">For Kaytetye, where all words end in /e/ = schwa, I analyse the two so-called distortions as:</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">-aye address = vocative ‘hey you!’</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">-awe exclamative ‘hey, its X!’</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Harold Koch<span style="color:#1F497D"></span></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif; color:#1F497D"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Alice Gaby<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, 12 February 2020 3:22 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <LINGTYP@LISTSERV.LINGUISTLIST.ORG> <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Vocative markers expressing distance</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">Dear all,</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">My student (Alan Ray) is looking for examples of vocative markers (morphological or otherwise) that express a distance distinction. For example, in Wik Mungkan (Pama-Nyungan, Australia), there are three vocative suffixes distinguishing
proximal (-ang), medial (-(e)ey), and distal addressees (-(o)oy):</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">kaath-ang</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">mother-VOC.PRX</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">'hey mother!'</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">nint-al-ey</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">2sg-PVS-VOC.MED</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">'hey you!'</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">niy-al-ooy</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">2pl-PVS-VOC.DST</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">'hey you!'</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">We'd be grateful for any pointers towards similar and/or relevant data from other languages. So far, the only language we are aware of with a clearly morphological/lexical (two-way) distance distinction is Kugu Nganhcara. But Alan has
found differences in stress, length, pitch, volume and/or vowel lengthening or “distortion” correlating with addressee distance in languages such as Arrernte, Kaytetye, Anmatyer, Wirangu, Nyigina, Nunggubuyu and Mangarayi (all from Australia). Alan's work
focuses on Aboriginal languages of Australia, but we would be very interested to see analogous examples from elsewhere.</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">I'll post a summary of responses to the list.</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">Thanks in advance!<br>
Alice</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">-- </p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal">Alice Gaby</p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt">Associate Professor of <a href="http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/graduate-research-programs/linguistics-and-applied-linguistics-program/" target="_blank">Linguistics and Applied Linguistics</a></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:7.5pt">School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics<br>
Monash University<br>
Victoria 3800<br>
Australia</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Ph: +61 (0)3 9902 4169 </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">| </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Fax: +61 (0)3 9905-5437 </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">|
E: <a href="mailto:Alice.Gaby@monash.edu" target="_blank">Alice.Gaby@monash.edu</a></span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt">Visit: W503, 20 Chancellors Walk (formerly: </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Menzies Building)</span></p>
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<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt"><a href="https://sites.google.com/monash.edu/alice-gaby" target="_blank">https://sites.google.com/monash.edu/alice-gaby</a></span></p>
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