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<div>Hi， Alice:</div><div><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> In some of Gan dialects (spoken in Jiangxi Province) of Chinese, there is vocative case with distinction between proximal and distal addressees.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">In the Anfu Gan dialect, the proximal vocative suffix is -e (after a stem ending with i) or -a(for other stems) while the distal one is ei <span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: lucida console, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(after a stem ending with i) or -o (for others stems)</span></span>.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">e.g., So41 so (father's younger brother): So41 sa44 (proximal)</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> So41 so51 (distal)</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> lau41 thi(younger brother): lau41 thie44 <span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: lucida console, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">(proximal)</span></span></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> <span><span style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: lucida console, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">lau41 thiei51 (distal) </span></span></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">For details, see Hu and Lei's paper published in Chinese in <i>Yuyan Yanjiu</i> (Studies in Language and Linguistics)， 2018，Vol.38-3.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">In the Yujiang Gan dialect, you can see the similar case, in my paper in Chinese in <i>Hanyu Xuexi</i> (Chinese Language Learning) 2012:3.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> Liu Danqing (Danny)</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> </div></div><div id="ydp1343490ayahoo_quoted_1817328322" class="ydp1343490ayahoo_quoted"><div style="font-family:'Helvetica Neue', Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;font-size:13px;color:#26282a;"><div><div id="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458"><div><div class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458WordSection1">
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">Dear all,</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal"> </p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">My student (Alan Ray) is looking for examples of vocative markers (morphological or otherwise) that express a distance distinction. For example, in Wik Mungkan (Pama-Nyungan, Australia), there are three vocative suffixes distinguishing
proximal (-ang), medial (-(e)ey), and distal addressees (-(o)oy):</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">kaath-ang</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">mother-VOC.PRX</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">'hey mother!'</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal"> </p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">nint-al-ey</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">2sg-PVS-VOC.MED</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">'hey you!'</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal"> </p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">niy-al-ooy</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">2pl-PVS-VOC.DST</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">'hey you!'</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">We'd be grateful for any pointers towards similar and/or relevant data from other languages. So far, the only language we are aware of with a clearly morphological/lexical (two-way) distance distinction is Kugu Nganhcara. But Alan has found
differences in stress, length, pitch, volume and/or vowel lengthening or “distortion” correlating with addressee distance in languages such as Arrernte, Kaytetye, Anmatyer, Wirangu, Nyigina, Nunggubuyu and Mangarayi (all from Australia). Alan's work focuses
on Aboriginal languages of Australia, but we would be very interested to see analogous examples from elsewhere.</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal"> </p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">I'll post a summary of responses to the list.</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal"> </p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">Thanks in advance!<br>
Alice</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">-- </p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal">Alice Gaby</p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;">Associate Professor of <a href="http://artsonline.monash.edu.au/graduate-research-programs/linguistics-and-applied-linguistics-program/" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Linguistics and Applied Linguistics</a></span></p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt;"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;">School of Languages, Literatures, Cultures and Linguistics<br>
Monash University<br>
Victoria 3800<br>
Australia</span></p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Ph: +61 (0)3 9902 4169 </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;">| </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Fax: +61 (0)3 9905-5437 </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:sans-serif;">|
E: <a href="mailto:Alice.Gaby@monash.edu" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">Alice.Gaby@monash.edu</a></span></p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;">Visit: W503, 20 Chancellors Walk (formerly: </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;">Menzies Building)</span></p>
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<p class="ydp1343490ayiv0473098458MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;"><a href="https://sites.google.com/monash.edu/alice-gaby" rel="nofollow" target="_blank">https://sites.google.com/monash.edu/alice-gaby</a></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:7.5pt;">-----<br>
I acknowledge the Elders (past, present, emerging) and owners of the unceded lands on which Monash University operates.</span></p>
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