<div dir="ltr">Thanks, Martin. I am sensitive to what you wrote. In fact, in creating my "catalogue", which I don't call a database since I prepared it more as an "index" to the 665 tone systems so that I could find things, I actually classified the tone systems both by the language particular analysis AND by my attempted normalization.This is what allowed me to find the examples so quickly (whichi of course would need to be further scrutinized, as the descriptions also vary in quality). For example, if a language was analyzed with H, L, LH, and HL tones, I have a field that tells me there are two tone heights and another that tells me that the author considered the system to have 4 tones--whereas as an Africanist I would call it 2 tones, since LH and HL are combinations. I also have a separate field for contour tones where I can find which languages have how many rising or falling tones (up to five each!), according to the author again. I did have to "translate" the descriptions that use numbers to Hs, Ls and Ms. For example a system such as Blang [BLR] reported as 55 31 51 13 would be listed in one field as such, but in my general inventory field as H L HL LH, with 2 heights in my tone height field, 4 tones in my # of tones field, and 1F and 1R in the # of contour tones field. Best, Larry</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Mar 23, 2020 at 6:46 AM Haspelmath, Martin <<a href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<div>On 22.03.20 17:50, Larry M. HYMAN wrote:<br>
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<div dir="ltr">Adam - In my "catalogue" of 664 tone systems, I have 398 that have only two levels. Of these 85 have a LH tone. Of these 11 have been analyzed as having a contrast between LH and something else. A warning though: This is really an interpretation—for
example, Fasu has been analyzed as having a /H/ vs. /L/ on its stressed syllable, but it could have been set up as /HL/ vs. /LH/ (probably other possibilities). The fewer tonal contrasts, the more room for interpretation. I'm skeptical that you *have to* analyze
the language that way.</div>
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I think that this case is really instructive, because this apparent difficulty arises all the time in comparative grammar research:<br>
<br>
Different "interpretations" (or "descriptions", or "analyses") are possible, which makes comparisons questionable. My own expertise is in morphosyntax rather than phonology, but I see it all the time. Many people think that databases like WALS are not reliable,
because the "analyses" may not be the right ones. <br>
<br>
Fortunately, there is a solution, I think:<br>
<br>
The solution consists in distinguishing between (A) language-particular analyses/descriptions, and (B) uniform yardsticks for assessing ("measuring") similarities and differences between languages.<br>
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So what we'd need is a catalogue of tone systems that classifies tone languages not by "interpretations", but by uniform yardsticks. By "uniform", I mean "defined in the same way in all languages" – just like other measurement devices must be uniform across
measured instances (e.g. measurement of global inflation rates, which must be based on a uniform basket of goods and services that works for all countries).<br>
<br>
(Alternatively, if one ants to distinguish the twoone might suggest that languages are different from other social systems and should be compared in the manner of chemical elements – by first finding the common building blocks of all languages (= the innate
features and architectures of UG), and then comparing languages on the basis of these building blocks. This has sometimes been attempted in generative grammar, but I have not seen any successes of this research programme.)<br>
<br>
See this blogpost for more discussion of the two approaches: <a href="https://dlc.hypotheses.org/2305" target="_blank">
https://dlc.hypotheses.org/2305</a><br>
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Best,<br>
Martin<br>
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<div>On Sun, Mar 22, 2020 at 9:15 AM Adam James Ross Tallman <<a href="mailto:ajrtallman@utexas.edu" target="_blank">ajrtallman@utexas.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
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Hey all,</div>
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It's been suggested to me that the language I'm working on really makes a distinction between 0 vs. LH lexical marking, rather than 0 vs. H as I had previously thought. Looking at connected speech the evidence for this seems very strong and I'm starting to
overcome my initial resilience to the proposal.</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)">
<br>
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Has this been proposed for any other language? (i.e. a language that just has 0, LH or 0, HL and no corresponding lexical Ls and Hs). I want to know what the evidence looks like for other language? In my case it's primarily phonetic and I'm not really sure
what strictly phonological evidence would look like.</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)">
<br>
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Notice I'm not asking about pitch accents or intonational marking etc. But cases where it can be shown that the categories are really lexically specified.</div>
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<br>
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Help would be appreciated, I hope everyone is well and healthy.</div>
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best,</div>
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<br>
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<div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)">
Adam</div>
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-- <br>
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<div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman,
serif">Adam J.R. Tallman</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman,
serif">PhD, University of Texas at Austin<br>
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<div><font face="times new roman, serif">Investigador del Museo de Etnografía y Folklore, la Paz<br>
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<div><font face="times new roman, serif"><font style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font>ELDP -- </font>Postdoctorante<br>
</font><font style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font>CNRS -- </font>Dynamique Du Langage (UMR 5596)</font></font><br>
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<div>Larry M. Hyman, Professor of Linguistics & Executive Director, France-Berkeley Fund</div>
<div>Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley</div>
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<pre cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de" target="_blank">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10
D-07745 Jena
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig </pre>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><div><br></div>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><div>Larry M. Hyman, Professor of Linguistics & Executive Director, France-Berkeley Fund</div><div>Department of Linguistics, University of California, Berkeley</div><div><a href="http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/people/person_detail.php?person=19" target="_blank">http://linguistics.berkeley.edu/people/person_detail.php?person=19</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>