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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Yes, punctuation and initial capitalization should be included, and names capitalized. By definition, when we write a language in a consistent way, we use an orthography.
<br>
<br>
(I think the older idea that languages which are not frequently used for writing by their speakers should be represented phonetically has become obsolete. We allowed it as one option in the WALS chapters, but most authors used punctuation and capitalization.)<br>
<br>
This practice is also recommended by the Generic Style Rules (see §10: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistics/past-research-resources/resources/generic-style-rules.html">
https://www.eva.mpg.de/linguistics/past-research-resources/resources/generic-style-rules.html</a>)<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
On 25.03.20 14:49, John Du Bois wrote:<br>
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<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:CANVk5G=eJMWvBL6dzsDd_tBr-pVoF5tScj54aZKva+GawO4h+Q@mail.gmail.com">
<div dir="auto">Hi Christian,
<div dir="auto">Thanks for your thoughtful post. </div>
<div dir="auto"> I would argue for including punctuation, because it may be significant as a representation of prosody, or it may serve as its near equivalent, either of which is meaningful. The current glossing conventions seem to carry the implicit assumption
that language is purely segmental.</div>
<div dir="auto"> You can even gloss the punctuation. For example, in Discourse Functional Transcription (DFT), a comma signals "continuing" <span style="font-family:sans-serif">intonation</span>, while a period signals "final" intonation.</div>
<div dir="auto">Best,</div>
<div dir="auto">Jack<br>
<br>
<div data-smartmail="gmail_signature" dir="auto">==============================<br>
John W. Du Bois<br>
Professor of Linguistics <br>
University of California, Santa Barbara<br>
Santa Barbara, California 93106<br>
USA<br>
<a href="mailto:dubois@ucsb.edu" moz-do-not-send="true">dubois@ucsb.edu</a></div>
</div>
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<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Mar 25, 2020, 4:15 AM Christian Lehmann <<a href="mailto:christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de" moz-do-not-send="true">christian.lehmann@uni-erfurt.de</a>> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0 0 0
.8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<p></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US">Dear colleagues,</p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">here is a little methodological problem which some may dismiss as trivial but which needs to be solved if we c</span><span lang="en-US">are for</span><span lang="en-US"> standardiz</span><span lang="en-US">ing</span><span lang="en-US">
linguistic methodology. It concerns the orthographic representation of linguistic data,
</span><span lang="en-US">esp. such</span><span lang="en-US"> a</span><span lang="en-US">s</span><span lang="en-US"> are provided with an interlinear gloss.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">In the past decades, it has become customary in linguistic publications to omit punctuation in data which are f</span><span lang="en-US">ormat</span><span lang="en-US">ted as examples
and provided by a gloss, like this:</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><br>
</p>
<table width="100%" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<colgroup><col width="21*"><col width="30*"><col width="22*"><col width="54*"><col width="41*"><col width="53*"><col width="34*"></colgroup>
<tbody>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="8%">
<p lang="en-US">quo</p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="12%">
<p lang="en-US">usque</p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="9%">
<p lang="en-US">tandem</p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="21%">
<p lang="en-US">abutere</p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="16%">
<p lang="en-US">Catilina</p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="21%">
<p lang="en-US">patientia</p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="13%">
<p lang="en-US">nostra</p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr valign="top">
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="8%">
<p lang="en-US"><font style="font-size:11pt" size="2">whither</font></p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="12%">
<p lang="en-US"><font style="font-size:11pt" size="2">continually</font></p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="9%">
<p lang="en-US"><font style="font-size:11pt" size="2">finally</font></p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="21%">
<p lang="en-US"><font style="font-size:11pt" size="2">abuse:FUT:<a href="http://MID.2.SG" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">MID.2.SG</a></font></p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="16%">
<p lang="en-US"><font style="font-size:11pt" size="2">Catilina:<a href="http://VOC.SG" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">VOC.SG</a></font></p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="21%">
<p lang="en-US"><font style="font-size:11pt" size="2">patience(F):<a href="http://ABL.SG" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">ABL.SG</a>
</font></p>
</td>
<td style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="13%">
<p lang="en-US"><font style="font-size:11pt" size="2">our:<a href="http://F.ABL.SG" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">F.ABL.SG</a></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="7" style="border:none;padding:0cm" width="100%" valign="top">
<p lang="en-US">“ <font style="font-size:11pt" size="2">How far will you continue to abuse our patience, Catiline?” (Cic.
<i>Cat</i>. I, 1)</font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">The example is actually taken from a text; and there it is, of course, provided with
</span><span lang="en-US">initial</span><span lang="en-US"> c</span><span lang="en-US">apitalization</span><span lang="en-US">, with comma</span><span lang="en-US">s</span><span lang="en-US"> in between and with a final q</span><span lang="en-US">uestion mark</span><span lang="en-US">.
Many of us have </span><span lang="en-US">gotten </span><span lang="en-US">accustomed to omitting these things in formatted examples. My own guidelines for interlinear glosses</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">(</span><font style="font-size:11pt" size="2"><span lang="en-US"><a href="http://christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/grammaticography/gloss/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">christianlehmann.eu/ling/ling_meth/ling_description/grammaticography/gloss/</a>)
</span></font></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">also recommend t</span><span lang="en-US">he omission</span><span lang="en-US">. The practice seems inevitable for a representation of a piece of text which is not in orthography
but in some m</span><span lang="en-US">ore</span><span lang="en-US"> form</span><span lang="en-US">al representation</span><span lang="en-US">, say phonetic or morphophonemic. Here I am talking about
</span><span lang="en-US"><b>orthographic representations</b></span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">There are s</span><span lang="en-US">ome</span><span lang="en-US"> reasons for the practice of omitting punctuation and
</span><span lang="en-US">sentence-</span><span lang="en-US">initial </span><span lang="en-US">c</span><span lang="en-US">apitalization</span><span lang="en-US"> in glossed examples:</span></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">These orthographic marks m</span><span lang="en-US">ay</span><span lang="en-US"> not figure in the original source:</span></p>
</li></ol>
<ol>
<ol type="a">
<li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US">There is no published orthographic version which would need to be cited literally; it is just a transcription of a recording. Omission of punctuation signals this.</p>
</li><li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US">The quoted stretch of text is not (necessarily) a sentence, be it in its original context, be it in the language system.</p>
</li></ol>
<li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US">These orthographic marks would confuse the mapping of symbols structuring the interlinear gloss onto the original text line:</p>
<ol type="a">
<li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">Punctuation symbols like ‘.’, ‘:’ have a special function in glosses which they do not have in a
</span><span lang="en-US">fully orthographic</span><span lang="en-US"> text line.
</span><span lang="en-US">Others </span><span lang="en-US">like ‘,’ </span><span lang="en-US">and ‘!’</span><span lang="en-US"> are inadmissible in the gloss. If
</span><span lang="en-US">such symbols</span><span lang="en-US"> appeared in the original text line, they would map on nothing
</span><span lang="en-US">in the gloss line</span><span lang="en-US">.</span></p>
</li><li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US">Punctuation symbols like ‘-’ should have the same function in the original text and in the gloss.</p>
</li></ol>
</li></ol>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">(Ad (1b): We are not talking about examples which are just s</span><span lang="en-US">yntagmas below clause level</span><span lang="en-US">. In
</span><span lang="en-US">some </span><span lang="en-US">linguistic publications,
</span><span lang="en-US">such e</span><span lang="en-US">xamples </span><span lang="en-US">are</span><span lang="en-US">
</span><span lang="en-US">provided with a final full stop, too. This is plainly u</span><span lang="en-US">nthinking</span><span lang="en-US">.)</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">Here are some reasons for abandoning the b</span><span lang="en-US">an on</span><span lang="en-US"> punctuation and initial c</span><span lang="en-US">apitalization</span><span lang="en-US">:</span></p>
<ol>
<li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">It makes the language e</span><span lang="en-US">xemplifi</span><span lang="en-US">ed appear as one which lacks an orthography, thus dangerously e</span><span lang="en-US">vok</span><span lang="en-US">ing
the attitude towards „an idiom which does not even have a grammar“.</span></p>
</li><li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US">Punctuation, of course, fulfills a sensible function in established orthographies: it reflects the syntactic or prosodic structure of a piece of text. Omitting it from an example renders this less easily
intelligible.</p>
</li><li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">Whenever a linguistic example is, in fact, quoted from a text noted in established orthography, the quotation should be f</span><span lang="en-US">aithful</span><span lang="en-US">,
including the punctuation.</span></p>
</li><li>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">Current practice allows for exceptions to the principle of suppression of punctuation: at least question marks are c</span><span lang="en-US">ommon</span><span lang="en-US">ly set.</span></p>
</li></ol>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US"><span lang="en-US">You may know of more reasons for or against the practice of suppression of punctuation and of initial c</span><span lang="en-US">apitalization</span><span lang="en-US"> in linguistic
examples, or </span><span lang="en-US">you </span><span lang="en-US">may be able to invalidate some of the above. I
</span><span lang="en-US">would be grateful for some discussion which helps</span><span lang="en-US"> to bring this closer to a recommendation that most of us could share and that would have a chance to find its way into style sheets.</span></p>
<p style="margin-bottom:0cm;line-height:100%" lang="en-US">Christian</p>
<p></p>
<div>-- <br>
<p style="font-size:90%">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></p>
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<td>Tel.:</td>
<td>+49/361/2113417</td>
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<td>E-Post:</td>
<td><a href="mailto:christianw_lehmann@arcor.de" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">christianw_lehmann@arcor.de</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Web:</td>
<td><a href="https://www.christianlehmann.eu" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer" moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.christianlehmann.eu</a></td>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10
D-07745 Jena
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig </pre>
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