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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">In my circles, we just call it “the virus”, or elide it altogether, as it is presupposed in any conversations involving infection or death.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">An email from a friend who had been out of touch:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">“My husband and I both got really sick last week, but we’re pretty sure it was not the virus.”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">First question after morning greetings in the family: both the virus and the local context presupposed:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">“Have they reported any new infections today?”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Zoom cocktails with a friend from Washington (to the north), response to the question “How are you guys doing?”:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">“We’ve been really fortunate so far in Eugene — eight days without a new case and still only two deaths!”<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Spike<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span style="color:black">From: </span>
</b><span style="color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Paolo Ramat <paoram@unipv.it><br>
<b>Date: </b>Saturday, May 2, 2020 at 4:27 AM<br>
<b>To: </b>'Natalia Levshina' <natalevs@gmail.com>, "lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>[Lingtyp] R: coronavirus and Zipf<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:11.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Dear All,</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">the short form for
<i>coronavirus</i> is Covid-19. As in Russian, Ital. <i>corona </i>means<i> ‘</i>crown’; therefore it is not used as clipping for the virus name; and there have been jokes like the Russian on Prince Charles.
</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">Best wishes and take care, without Clorox injections as it has been suggested…</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D">P.Rt.</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D"> </span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">Da:</span></b><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp [mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org]
<b>Per conto di </b>Natalia Levshina<br>
<b>Inviato:</b> sabato 2 maggio 2020 12:47<br>
<b>A:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Oggetto:</b> [Lingtyp] coronavirus and Zipf</span><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Dear colleagues,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">I'm writing an informal blog post about the impact of the coronavirus pandemic on language, with a focus on Zipf's correlation between frequency and word/expression length. For example, the clipping
<i>corona (</i>from<i> coronavirus) </i>is becoming increasingly popular in English: <a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/public.oed.com/blog/corpus-analysis-of-the-language-of-covid-19/__;!!C5qS4YX3!WEuNp_Qa-vMRc7VqynfDLViq9DneH3GRhvbL2B43pMocej5_JREu_eEmfbyvibZ7$">https://public.oed.com/blog/corpus-analysis-of-the-language-of-covid-19/</a> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">I also have some data from Dutch, German, Russian and Polish. I'm wondering how other languages behave in that respect. In particular,<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">1) Is there a shorter form for coronavirus, like
<i>corona</i>? Can it only refer to the virus, or also to the pandemic and the disease?<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">2) If there is such a form, is it used widely or occasionally (e.g. humorously/creatively/in quotes)? For example, in Russian
<i>koronavirus</i> is the preferred form because <i>korona</i> means 'a crown'. There's an untranslatable Russian joke, <i>Prince Charles finally got a crown (korona), but it was the wrong one.</i><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">3) Is there a popular everyday (i.e. non-astronomic) meaning of the word that corresponds to corona in that language (e.g. a crown, like in Russian)?<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">4) Also, are there any other abbreviations or substitutions (e.g. the use of a shorter formally unrelated word, like
<i>car</i> instead of <i>automobile</i>) related to the pandemic you have observed? <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">I promise to post a summary if I get enough interesting data.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Many thanks and stay corona(virus)-free!<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">Natalia Levshina<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"> <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in">-- <o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-size:10.0pt">Natalia Levshina</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Wundtlaan 1, 6525 XD Nijmegen</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:.5in"><span style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">The Netherlands</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"><a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.avast.com/antivirus__;!!C5qS4YX3!WEuNp_Qa-vMRc7VqynfDLViq9DneH3GRhvbL2B43pMocej5_JREu_eEmfW5rwkoz$"><span style="color:windowtext;text-decoration:none"><span style="color:blue"><img border="0" id="_x0000_i1025" src="http://static.avast.com/emails/avast-mail-stamp.png" alt="Avast logo"></span></span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:#3D4D5A">Questa e-mail è stata controllata per individuare virus con Avast antivirus.
<br>
<a href="https://urldefense.com/v3/__https:/www.avast.com/antivirus__;!!C5qS4YX3!WEuNp_Qa-vMRc7VqynfDLViq9DneH3GRhvbL2B43pMocej5_JREu_eEmfW5rwkoz$">www.avast.com</a>
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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