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<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Dear Claude:</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> Thank you for your comments. I would like to add something more on the Chinese morpheme 冠Guan55.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> Although I roughly translated <i>guan1</i> as crown, in fact, as Jeremy pointed out more accurately, <i>guan55</i> as a word in classic Chinese only means hat, cap. Everybody can wear a <i>guan55</i> in classic China. The verb <i>guan51</i> just means <i>to</i> <i>put on a hat</i> instead of <i>crowning</i>. A complete Chinese translation of <i>crown/corona</i> should be <i>wang35guan55 王冠</i>(lit. King's hat) or <i>huang35guan55 皇冠 </i>(lit. emperor's hat). We have another classic word <i>mian214冕</i>, wich is closer to <i>crown</i>, meaning <i>hat for nobles and kings</i>. So we use <i>jia55mian214</i> 加冕 (lit. to add crown on) to denote crowning. We translate <i>crown</i> or <i>corona</i> in western terms into Chinese<i> guan55</i> just because Chinese disfavors lengthy words and <i>guan</i>55 is more familiar to modern Chinese speaker than mian214.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> By the way, a crown eagle （<span><span style="color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family: arial, 宋体, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; text-indent: 28px;">Harpyhaliaetus coronatus</span></span>）is called <i>mian214ying5</i>5 冕雕 in Zoology。</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Best,</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Danqing</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> </div><div><br></div>
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On Wednesday, May 6, 2020, 12:51:48 AM GMT+8, Claude Hagège <claude-hagege@wanadoo.fr> wrote:
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<div><div class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133WordSection1"><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">Dear Natalia, Danqing, Randy , Jeremy and all,</span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> </span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">Not only are <i>xīnguān fèiyán</i> (</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">新冠肺炎</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">), i.e. « corona pneumonia » and <i>xīnguān</i> <i>bìngdú</i> (</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">新冠</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">病毒</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">), i.e. « corona virus », clearly distinguished in mainland China, as stressed by Danqing, but in addition, as far as I can see in Chinese newspapers, <i>xīnguān</i> (</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">新冠</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">) alone, to refer to the illness, is less often used than <i>xīnguān fèiyán</i> (</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">新冠肺炎</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">), and even <i>xīnguān fèiyán yìqíng</i> (</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">新冠肺炎疫情</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">) « corona pneumonia pandemic », in which <i>yìqíng</i> </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">疫情</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> « pandemic » is added . Thus, the illness is more properly referred to, in Chinese newspapers, as what it actually is, i.e. a pneumonia (<i>fèiyán</i> : </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">肺炎</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">, literally « lungs inflammation »).</span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">Furthermore the « crown » metaphor which describes the virus shape is not new in Chinese : just as English says « coronary artery / arteries », describing the shape of this artery and its branches, which supply blood to the heart muscle and look like a crown, in the same way, Chinese refers to the coronary artery by the compound word <i>guānzhuàng</i> <i>dòngmài</i> (</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">冠状动脉</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">), which means, literally, « crown-shaped artery ».</span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">It should be stressed, also, that the </span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">冠</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> which means « crown » is <i>guān</i> (first tone), and thus does not have the same tone as the</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">冠</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> which means « championship », i.e. <i>guàn</i> (fourth tone).</span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> </span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">The frequent use of a longer expression might contradict Zipf’s correlation between frequency and length. Moreover, I would suggest to Natalia that the impact of the corona virus pandemic on language, or, rather, on languages, is illustrated by the proliferation of jokes and puns which appear in this web discussion. More generally, when a threat or a danger shows up, speakers use their languages, and humorous manipulations thereof, as means of exorcism.</span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> </span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> </span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:16.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">To NATALIA : по-итальянски или по-испански, очень легко перевестн русскую шутку касающуюся князя шарла, потому что в этих языках, корона _ тоже… corona !</span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:18.0pt;font-family:Arial, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> </span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> </span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">With best wishes</span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> </span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal" style="text-indent:35.4pt;"><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:SimSun;color:#1F497D;">海然热</span><span lang="ZH-CN" style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;"> </span><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">(=Claude Hagège</span><span style="font-size:14.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;color:#1F497D;">)</span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></p><p class="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:Calibri, sans-serif;"> </span></p></div><div id="ydpc784efc1yiv0299088133DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2">
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