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<div style="direction: ltr;font-family: Tahoma;color: #000000;font-size: 10pt;"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">Dear all,</font>
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<div><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">I hope this message finds you all well.</font></div>
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<div><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">I am currently working on modality in Beja (Cushitic) which shows two intriguing (at least for me) morpho-syntactic features, and I am wondering whether they occur in other languages as well (so far I have not seen
anything like this in the literature on modality, but I may have overlooked something).</font></div>
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<div><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">The first feature is the cliticization of nominative POSSESSIVE bound pronouns (NOT the usual OBJECT pronouns) to finite verb forms to either (i) mark the protatis of a conditional clause as in example (1) wit the
Aorist paradigm:</font></div>
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<p class="exemple" style=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-style:normal" lang="X-NONE"><span style="">(1)<span style="font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal">
</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="X-NONE">w=haˈwaːd<span style="">
</span> jʔ-i=<u><b>juːk</b></u><span style="">
</span>majʔa<span style=""> </span>rhatnija</span></i></font></p>
<p class="motamot" style=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-variant:small-caps" lang="EN-US"> def.sg.m</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">=night<span style="">
</span>come-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">aor.3sg.m=<u><b>poss.2sg.nom</b></u><span style="">
</span></span>light<span style="font-variant:small-caps"><span style=""> </span>
<span style=""></span></span>see-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">ipfv.2sg.m</span></span></font></p>
<p class="traduction"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"> ‘If night falls upon you</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">, you'll see a light.’</span><span lang="X-NONE"> (<span style="font-variant:small-caps">bej_mv_narr_</span>05_eritrea_11</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">1-112</span><span lang="X-NONE">)</span></font></p>
<p class="traduction"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"><br>
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<p class="traduction"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE">or (ii) a deontic modality of capacity as in example (2) with the negative Optative paradigm:</span></font></p>
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<p class="exemple" style=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-style:normal" lang="X-NONE"><span style="">(2)<span style="font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal"> <i>
</i></span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="X-NONE">oː=kʷhaːn<span style="">
</span>i=ba=</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">a-</span><span lang="X-NONE">hass-</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">aj</span></i><span lang="X-NONE"><i><u><b>=uːk</b></u></i><span style=""><u><b> </b></u>
</span></span><span style="" lang="EN-US"> </span><span lang="X-NONE"></span></font></p>
<p class="motamot" style=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-variant:small-caps" lang="EN-US"> def.sg.m.acc</span><span style="" lang="EN-US">=flood<span style="">
</span><span style="font-variant:small-caps">rel.m=opt</span>=1<span style="font-variant:small-caps">sg</span>-pass-<span style="font-variant:small-caps">neg.opt<u><b>=poss.2sg.nom</b></u><span style="">
</span></span><span style="font-variant:small-caps"></span></span></font></p>
<p class="traduction"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE">
</span></font><i><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="" lang="EN-US">i-sanni=hoːk-a</span></font></span></font></i></p>
<p class="traduction"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="" lang="EN-US"><span style="font-variant:small-caps">
3sg.m</span>-wait\<span style="font-variant:small-caps">ipfv=obj.2sg-adrf.m</span></span></font></span></font></span></font></p>
<p class="traduction"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"> ‘May you find the flooding river that can prevent you from crossing!’</span><span style="" lang="EN-US"> (lit. the flood that (says) ‘I won’t let you pass’ is waiting)</span><span lang="X-NONE">
(<span style="font-variant:small-caps">bej_mv_narr</span>_12_witch_133-134)</span></font></p>
<p class="traduction"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"><br>
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<p class="traduction"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE">The second feature concerns the citicization of the nominal copula to finite or non-finite verb forms, not for the expression of focus as I first thought, but to express
</span></font><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE">epistemic
</span></font></span></font><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE">and</span></font></span></font> deontic modalities as in
(3) and (4) (with a simultaneity converb):</span></font></p>
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<p class="exemple" style=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-style:normal" lang="X-NONE"><span style="">(3)<span style="font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal">
</span></span></span><i><span dir="LTR"></span><span lang="X-NONE">diw-iːni<span style="">
</span> winneːt<span style=""> </span>saːlhi<span style=""> </span>
tak<span style=""> </span> siːleːl=iːb</span></i></font></p>
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<p class="motamot" style=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="" lang="EN-US"> sleep-IPFV.3SG.M<span style="">
</span>plenty<span style=""> </span>noble_man<span style=""> </span>man<span style="">
</span>prayer=LOC.SG</span></font></p>
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<p class="exemple" style="text-indent:0cm"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span lang="X-NONE"> <u><b>
<i>gʷada-am-i=b=u=it</i></b></u></span></font></p>
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<p class="motamot"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="" lang="EN-US"> splash-MID-<u><b>AOR.3SG.M</b></u>=INDF.M.ACC=<u><b>COP.3SG</b></u>=CSL</span></font></p>
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<p class="traduction"><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="" lang="X-NONE"> ‘H</span><span lang="X-NONE">e slept, since he was a very noble man who would perform his ablutions before praying.’ (BEJ_MV_NARR_17_shoemaker_094-096)</span></font></p>
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<p class="exemple" style=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; font-style:normal" lang="X-NONE"><span style="">(1)<span style="font-style:normal; font-variant:normal; font-weight:normal; font-size:7pt; line-height:normal">
</span></span></span><span dir="LTR"></span><i><span lang="X-NONE">doːr<span style="">
</span>han<span style=""> </span>naː=t<span style=""> </span> baː=ʃuːm-eː=</span><span style="" lang="EN-GB">j</span></i><span lang="X-NONE"><i>i</i><span style=""><i> </i>
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<p class="motamot" style=""><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="" lang="EN-US"> time<span style="">
</span>also<span style=""> </span>thing=INDF.F<span style=""> </span>NEG.PROH=go_in-CVB.SMLT=COP.3SG</span></font></p>
<font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt"> ‘</span><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">w</span><span style="font-size:12pt">ithout even anything being able to go in, this time</span><span style="font-size:12pt" lang="EN-US">
(…)</span><span style="font-size:12pt">’ (BEJ_MV_NARR_17_shoemaker_191) <br>
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<div><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt">Thanks a lot in advance for your help!</span></font></div>
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<div><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt">Best wishes and keep safe!<br>
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<div><font size="3" face="Times New Roman"><span style="font-size:12pt">Martine<br>
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