<div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="auto"><div>Dear all,</div><div><br></div><div>Here I present information just as a native speaker. In Japanese, that happens even from teachers to pupils; in Japanese schools, students address teachers as sensei 'teacher' or NAME + sensei:</div><div dir="auto"><br></div><div>sensei-ga tasuke-te-ageru</div><div>teacher-NOM help-LNK-BEN</div><div>'I will help you.' (from a teacher to a pupil)</div><div><br></div><div>In addition to this case and 'mom', 'dad', 'grandmom', 'grandad', 'uncle' and 'aunt' cases, the following are possible: </div><div><br></div><div>(o)ni:chan 'elder brother' or (o)ne:chan 'elder sister' to his or her younger sibling (or cousin)</div><div>oni:chan (or oni:san) 'elder brother' or one:chan (or one:san) 'elder sister' to a child who is not a relative with him or her (the child can call him or her so too) </div><div>ojisan 'man' or obasan 'madam' to a child who is not a relative with him or her</div><div><br></div><div>By and large the same happens in Korean too (the difference is that, in Korean, elder brother and elder sister have two different forms respectively, depending on the natural gender of the addressee).<br></div><div><br></div><div>seonsaeng-nim 'teacher' to his or her pupil</div><div>hyeong(-nim) 'elder brother of a boy' from a boy to a related or unrelated younger boy</div><div>obba 'elder brother of a girl' from a boy to a related or an unrelated younger girl</div><div>nwuna 'elder sister of a boy' from a girl to a related or an unrelated younger boy</div><div>eonni 'elder sister of a girl' from a girl to a related or an unreltated younger girl</div><div>ajeossi 'man' or ajwumma 'madam' form a man or madam to an unrelated child</div><div><br></div><div>Deokhyun</div><div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">2020年8月20日(木) 午後4:15 Zahra Etebari <<a href="mailto:zahra.etebari@ling.su.se" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">zahra.etebari@ling.su.se</a>>:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<p>Dear all,</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Persian also shows the same phenomena. In this language in addition to '<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">m</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">āman</span>' (mother) and '<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">bābā</span><span style="font-size:12pt">'
(father), other relative terms like '</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">xāle</span><span style="font-size:12pt">' (mother's sister), '</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">amme</span><span style="font-size:12pt">' (father's
sister), '</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">dāyi</span><span style="font-size:12pt">' (mother's brother), and 'amu' (father's brother) are also used to address children by those relatives.</span></p>
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<p>Best wishes,</p>
<p>Zahra</p>
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<font face="monospace,serif,EmojiFont" size="1" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:13.32px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Zahra Etebari </span></font><br>
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<div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Guest PhD Candidate</span></font></div>
<div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Department of Linguistics</span></font></div>
<div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Stockholm University, Sweden</span></font></div>
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<font face="monospace,serif,EmojiFont" size="1" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:13.32px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">PhD Candidate</span></font></span></font></div>
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<font face="monospace,serif,EmojiFont" size="1" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:13.32px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Ferdowsi University of </span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Mashhad, Iran</span></font></span></font></div>
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<div id="gmail-m_-5330446695902796612m_-6598725950782073420m_-3364800212433889066divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Sergey Loesov <<a href="mailto:sergeloesov@gmail.com" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">sergeloesov@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 12, 2020 9:34:37 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noreferrer noreferrer" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] addressing the daughter as Mummy</font>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Dear colleagues,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
In various cultures (those I know of happen to be mostly Islamic) the form of address can be copied by the addressee. Thus, when a daughter addresses her mother as “Mummy”, the mother often reciprocates, saying to the daughter something like “yes, Mummy”, or
“what, Mummy…” (Same of course with a son and his father.) </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
In particular, I came across this kind of exchange in my fieldwork with Kurdish (Kurmanji) and some contemporary Aramaic varieties in Upper Mesopotamia and Syria, but this phenomenon is also current in the Soqotri language, an unwritten Semitic language spoken
on the Socotra Island in the Indian Ocean, southeast of Yemen. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Are we aware of explanations for this kind of usage? Are there cross-language studies of this kind of facts?</p>
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Thank you very much!</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Sergey</p>
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