<div dir="ltr">Dear all,<div><br></div><div><div>In Atong (Tibeto-Burman, Northeast India and Bangladesh), there are several reciprocal kinship terms that denote non-reciprocal relations. Among them are <i>baba </i>'father', <i>ama </i>'mother', <i>achu </i>'grandfather' and <i>abu </i>'grandmother'. These terms are only reciprocal when used as terms of address. This means that, for example, a father can call his son <i>baba</i> and his son calls his father <i>baba</i>, too. Likewise, a mother can call her daughter <i>ama</i>, and the daughter can call her mother <i>ama</i> back. A father can call his daughter <i>ama</i>, and a mother can call her son <i>baba</i>, but in those cases, the reverse does not work, i.e. a daughter cannot call her father <i>ama</i> and a son cannot call his mother <i>baba</i>. The same goes for the terms <i>achu</i> 'grandfather' and <i>abu</i> 'grandmother'.</div><div><br></div><div>Note that the terms <i>baba </i>and <i>ama</i> are classificatory kinship terms. There are different terms for the biological father, <i>wa•</i>,<i> </i>and biological mother, <i>jyw•</i>. (In Atong orthography, the letter y represents the sound schwa, the bullet represents glottalisation.)</div><div><i><br></i></div><div>Interestingly, Atong also has some non-reciprocal kinship terms for relationships that are seen as reciprocal in English. For example, the term <i>gumi</i> ‘brother-in-law: elder sister’s husband’, denotes the relation of a person to his elder sister’s husband, but not the inverse relation and is thus a non-reciprocal kinship term. The term used to indicate the relation of someone’s elder sister’s husband to this someone is <i>jongsyri</i> ‘brother-in-law: wife’s younger brother’. </div><div><br></div><div>Regards,</div><div><div><div dir="ltr" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><br></div><div>Seino</div><div dir="ltr">__________________</div><div dir="ltr">Dr. Seino van Breugel</div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SeinovanBreugel" target="_blank">https://independent.academia.edu/SeinovanBreugel</a><br></div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHfiZwqyWC7HfZUAQ1RH1ew" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHfiZwqyWC7HfZUAQ1RH1ew</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Aug 20, 2020 at 9:15 AM Zahra Etebari <<a href="mailto:zahra.etebari@ling.su.se" target="_blank">zahra.etebari@ling.su.se</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<p>Dear all,</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Persian also shows the same phenomena. In this language in addition to '<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">m</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">āman</span>' (mother) and '<span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">bābā</span><span style="font-size:12pt">'
(father), other relative terms like '</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">xāle</span><span style="font-size:12pt">' (mother's sister), '</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">amme</span><span style="font-size:12pt">' (father's
sister), '</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12pt">dāyi</span><span style="font-size:12pt">' (mother's brother), and 'amu' (father's brother) are also used to address children by those relatives.</span></p>
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<p>Best wishes,</p>
<p>Zahra</p>
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<font face="monospace,serif,EmojiFont" size="1" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:13.32px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Zahra Etebari </span></font><br>
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<font face="monospace,serif,EmojiFont" size="1" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:13.32px">
<div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Guest PhD Candidate</span></font></div>
<div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Department of Linguistics</span></font></div>
<div style="margin:0px;padding:0px;border-radius:0px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Stockholm University, Sweden</span></font></div>
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<font face="monospace,serif,EmojiFont" size="1" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:13.32px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">PhD Candidate</span></font></span></font></div>
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<font face="monospace,serif,EmojiFont" size="1" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:13.32px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Department of Linguistics</span></font></span></font></div>
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<font face="monospace,serif,EmojiFont" size="1" color="#333333"><span style="font-size:13.32px"><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Ferdowsi University of </span></font><font size="2"><span style="font-size:10pt">Mashhad, Iran</span></font></span></font></div>
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<div id="gmail-m_-5334935212629189820gmail-m_-2993820755419317803divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of Sergey Loesov <<a href="mailto:sergeloesov@gmail.com" target="_blank">sergeloesov@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, August 12, 2020 9:34:37 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] addressing the daughter as Mummy</font>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Dear colleagues,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
In various cultures (those I know of happen to be mostly Islamic) the form of address can be copied by the addressee. Thus, when a daughter addresses her mother as “Mummy”, the mother often reciprocates, saying to the daughter something like “yes, Mummy”, or
“what, Mummy…” (Same of course with a son and his father.) </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
In particular, I came across this kind of exchange in my fieldwork with Kurdish (Kurmanji) and some contemporary Aramaic varieties in Upper Mesopotamia and Syria, but this phenomenon is also current in the Soqotri language, an unwritten Semitic language spoken
on the Socotra Island in the Indian Ocean, southeast of Yemen. </p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Are we aware of explanations for this kind of usage? Are there cross-language studies of this kind of facts?</p>
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Thank you very much!</p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0in 0in 8pt;line-height:107%;font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
Sergey</p>
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