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But what is an "X0" element? We'd have to know this in order to test
Bruening's claim. Note that German "gelungen" is not a single morph
(or "morpheme"). It is a complex form "ge-lung-en".<br>
<br>
There does not seem to be a clear comparative concept "phrase" (vs.
"non-phrasal element") that one could apply in the same way to all
languages.<br>
<br>
Moreover, what exactly is "extraction"? It is fairly clear when we
talk about question-word fronting (or relative-pronoun fronting),
but "topic-fronting" occurs in a wide variety of ways.<br>
<br>
So it seems that, as so often, we need better definitions of
concepts before we can rigorously test universal claims.<br>
<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 26.08.20 um 14:42 schrieb Adam James
Ross Tallman:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAK0T6Oj-5_uoUiM57Grgh+8GQ8B-RdFxQCNcLa2zwdBkY41HNw@mail.gmail.com">
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<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">Hey all,</div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">Just to
clarify, I'm asking because I'm wondering how frequent
apparent counter examples are to <a
href="https://babel.ucsc.edu/~hank/105/Bruening_2018.pdf"
moz-do-not-send="true">Bruening</a>'s claim that X0 elements
cannot be extracted.</div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">Adam<br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Aug 26, 2020 at 1:49
PM Adam James Ross Tallman <<a
href="mailto:ajrtallman@utexas.edu" moz-do-not-send="true">ajrtallman@utexas.edu</a>>
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)">Hello
all,</div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)">I
am wondering if anyone has found examples where single
morphemes can extract to first position. It is well-known
that German can do this as in <br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"><i>Gelungen
ist hier selten wem was auf anhieb</i></div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)">succeeded
is here rarely somebody.DAT something.NOM on first.attempt</div>
<div class="gmail_default"
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)">'that
it was rarely the case that somebody succeeded in doing
something here on the first attempt'<br clear="all">
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default">For some reason the full VP cannot
extract (<i>*Wem gelunden ist hier selten was auf anhieb</i>).
You can modify the fronted verb with an adverb <i>so
gut </i>and apparently its grammatical (Bruening
2018)<br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default">In Chácobo one can "extract"
individual adverbial elements, but as far as I can tell
only one of these elements can be "extracted" at a time.<br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><i>tsaya=yama=kɨ</i></div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default">see=neg=dec:past</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><i><b>yama</b> tsaya=kɨ</i></div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><b>neg</b> see=dec:past<br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default">'s/he didn't see it.'</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default">I wonder if there are cases like
Chacobo or like German except where the verb cannot be
modified by some element that is also fronted. Just
instances of apparently non-phrasal (word, root or stem)
extraction would also be interesting.</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default">p.s. I don't exactly know what
extraction means all the time. In particular I'm not
sure on what basis we can always assume that one
sentence is derived from the other. For instance, in
Chacobo I don't know on what basis I would assume that
the verb is not in fact undergoing rightward extraction.<br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default">best,<br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default">Adam<br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:rgb(76,17,48)"
class="gmail_default"><br>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
-- <br>
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<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman,
serif">Adam J.R. Tallman</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman,
serif">PhD, University of Texas at Austin<br>
</font>
<div><font face="times new roman, serif">Investigador
del Museo de Etnografía y Folklore, la
Paz<br>
</font>
<div><font face="times new roman, serif"><font
style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font>ELDP
-- </font>Postdoctorante<br>
</font><font style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font>CNRS
-- </font>Dynamique Du Langage
(UMR 5596)</font></font><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
<br clear="all">
<br>
-- <br>
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman, serif">Adam
J.R. Tallman</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman, serif">PhD,
University of Texas at Austin<br>
</font>
<div><font face="times new roman, serif">Investigador
del Museo de Etnografía y Folklore, la Paz<br>
</font>
<div><font face="times new roman, serif"><font
style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font>ELDP -- </font>Postdoctorante<br>
</font><font style="color:rgb(0,0,0)"><font>CNRS
-- </font>Dynamique Du Langage (UMR
5596)</font></font><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<br>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath (<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:haspelmath@shh.mpg.de">haspelmath@shh.mpg.de</a>)
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6
D-04103 Leipzig
&
Leipzig University
Institut fuer Anglistik
IPF 141199
D-04081 Leipzig</pre>
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