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<p class="MsoNormal">Some Australian languages have words that conflate ‘what’ and ‘who’, and then additionally can use case marking to cover areas such as location ‘where’, or reason (‘why’). These patterns are surveyed in Mushin, I 1995
<i><u>Epistememes in Australian Languages</u></i>. Australian Journal of Linguistics.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">From: </span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;color:black">Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of "hoelzlandreas@web.de" <hoelzlandreas@web.de><br>
<b>Date: </b>Thursday, 27 August 2020 at 7:25 am<br>
<b>To: </b>Jan Rijkhoff <linjr@cc.au.dk><br>
<b>Cc: </b>Linguistic Typology <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] undifferentiated interrogative words<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Dear all,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Sorry for the late response to this interesting question. Apart from the studies already mentioned, this question has also been addressed, among several others, in the following
works:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Cysouw, Michael. 2005. The typology of content interrogatives. Paper presented at Assiociation for Linguistic Typology, 21–25 July 2005, Padang.<br>
Cysouw, Michael. 2007. Content interrogatives in Pichis Ashéninca: Corpus study and typological comparison. International Journal of American Linguistics 73(2). 133–163.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Hengeveld, Kees, Maria Luiza Braga, Elisiene de Melo Barbosa, Jaqueline Silveira Coriolano, Juliana Jezuino da Costa, Mariana de Souza Martins, Diego Leite de Oliveira,<br>
Vinicius Maciel de Oliveira, Luana Gomes Pereira, Liliane Santana, Cassiano Luiz do Carmo Santos & Viviane dos Ramos Soares. 2012. Semantic categories in the indigenous languages of Brazil. Functions of Language 19(1). 38–57.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Hölzl, Andreas. 2018. A typology of questions in Northeast Asia and beyond. An ecological perspective (Studies in Diversity Linguistics 20). Berlin: Language Science Press.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Nau, Nicole. 1999. Was schlägt der Kasus? Zu Paradigmen und Formengebrauch von Interrogativpronomen. Sprachtypologie und Universalienforschung 2. 130–150.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Generally, it is necessary to distinguish between two different scenarios: the polysemy of an interrogative (e.g., meaning both 'who' and 'what') and the derivation of one interrogative
from another (e.g., 'which-LOC/place > where'). The former seems to be less frequent than the latter, but both can be described with a conceptual space/semantic map developed by Cysouw that I slightly modified in my book from 2018. This conceptual space may
be in need of an update but already captures many possible developments and possible polysemies.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Hope this is of some help.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Best,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Andi<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Gesendet:</span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif"> Donnerstag, 20. August 2020 um 09:29 Uhr<br>
<b>Von:</b> "Jan Rijkhoff" <linjr@cc.au.dk><br>
<b>An:</b> "Peter Arkadiev" <peterarkadiev@yandex.ru>, "Linguistic Typology" <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Betreff:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] undifferentiated interrogative words<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Verdana",sans-serif">Dear Peter,<br>
<br>
on this topic see also e.g.<br>
<br>
Mackenzie, J. Lachlan. 2009. Content interrogatives in a sample of 50 languages. Lingua 119-8, 1131-1161.<br>
<br>
Best, Jan R<br>
<br>
J. Rijkhoff - Associate Professor, Linguistics<br>
School of Communication and Culture, Aarhus University<br>
Jens Chr. Skous Vej 2, Building 1485-621<br>
DK-8000 Aarhus C, DENMARK<br>
Phone: (+45) 87162143<br>
URL: <a href="http://pure.au.dk/portal/en/linjr@cc.au.dk" target="_blank">http://pure.au.dk/portal/en/linjr@cc.au.dk</a><br>
<br>
________________________________________<br>
From: Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Peter Arkadiev <peterarkadiev@yandex.ru><br>
Sent: Tuesday, August 11, 2020 8:47 PM<br>
To: Linguistic Typology<br>
Subject: [Lingtyp] undifferentiated interrogative words<br>
<br>
Dear typologists,<br>
<br>
as is well-known, there are many languages lacking a distinction between "animate" and "inanimate" interrogative words (see the doctoral dissertation by Dmitry Idiatov), e.g. Lithuanian "kas" means both 'who' and 'what'. I am wondering if there are any languages
where interrogative words don't distinguish between such ontological categories as "place", "time" and "manner", e.g. have a single interrogative word which, depending on the context, can mean "when", "where", "how" and the like.<br>
<br>
Many thanks in advance and best regards,<br>
<br>
Peter<br>
<br>
Idiatov, Dmitry. 2007. A Typology of Non-Selective Interrogative Pronominals. PhD Dissertation, Universiteit Antwerpen.<br>
<br>
--<br>
Peter Arkadiev, PhD Hab.<br>
Institute of Slavic Studies<br>
Russian Academy of Sciences<br>
Leninsky prospekt 32-A 119334 Moscow<br>
peterarkadiev@yandex.ru<br>
<a href="http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev" target="_blank">http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev</a><br>
<br>
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