<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">Dear Jeff, dear all,</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Glottal stop with morphological function – yes; represented by apostrophe – maybe:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Proto-Finnic *-k has marked the 2sg imperative and the so-called connegative form (negated main verb together with the negative auxiliary) of verbs and functioned as a derivational suffix for nouns. In most Finnic varieties, the word-final *-k has completely eroded, but in some cases it is represented as a glottal stop.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div>In South Estonian (Võro/Seto), the glottal stop, in addition to the above-mentioned verb forms and noun derivatives, marks the nominative plural of nouns. Its orthographic representations have been a matter of major disputes; some proposed orthographies have used the apostrophe, many linguists in particular have preferred -q, while many laypeople seem to think that it should be left unmarked. As for literature, the English-language Wikipedia article on the Võro language has a number of useful links; see also the English-language pages of the Võro Institute at wi.ee .<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">In Finnish, the *-k is (in most dialects and in the standard language) represented as the sandhi gemination (if a consonant-initial word or clitic follows, its consonant is geminated). If a vowel-initial word follows, in some spoken Finnish varieties a glottal stop or stricture can be pronounced. The reflexes of *-k (whether gemination or glottal stricture) are not marked in today’s standard orthography, but in the 19th century, some authors systematically marked them with the apostrophe. </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Best</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Johanna<br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">Jeff Siegel <<a href="mailto:jsiegel2@une.edu.au" class="">jsiegel2@une.edu.au</a>> kirjoitti 11.9.2020 kello 6.40:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="">Greetings:<br class=""><br class="">I'm posting a question from a colleague in Germany:<br class=""><br class="">do you know of any language where the apostrophe represents a glottal<br class="">stop and where it highlights morphological information? that is, the<br class="">apostrophe (the glottal stop) only occurs at word-initial or word-final<br class="">position or at morpheme boundaries. it would be great if you could give<br class="">me an example. unfortunately i could not find any in the literature. <br class=""><br class="">Grateful for any replies.<br class=""><br class="">Thanks,<br class="">Jeff<br class=""><br class="">_______________________________________________<br class="">Lingtyp mailing list<br class=""><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp<br class=""></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""><div class="">
<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">--</div><div class="">Univ.Prof. Dr. Johanna Laakso</div><div class="">Universität Wien, Institut für Europäische und Vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft (EVSL)</div><div class="">Abteilung Finno-Ugristik</div><div class="">Campus AAKH Spitalgasse 2-4 Hof 7</div><div class="">A-1090 Wien</div><div class=""><a href="mailto:johanna.laakso@univie.ac.at" class="">johanna.laakso@univie.ac.at</a> • <a href="http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Johanna.Laakso/" class="">http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Johanna.Laakso/</a></div><div class="">Project ELDIA: <a href="http://www.eldia-project.org/" class="">http://www.eldia-project.org/</a> </div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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