<div dir="ltr">Dear Jeff,<div><br></div><div>In Atong and Standard Garo orthography, both Tibeto-Burman languages spoken in Northeast India and Bangladesh, the apostrophe indicates glottalisation of the preceding syllable. As an example of how this works in Atong, here are some minimal or near minimal pairs of words with and without glottalisation (adapted from: van Breugel, Seino. Forthcoming. <i>A dictionary of Atong: A Tibeto-Burman language of Northeast India and Bangladesh</i>. de Gruyter Mouton.</div><div><br></div><div><table class="gmail-MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="624" style="width:467.8pt;margin-left:5.4pt;border-collapse:collapse;border:none">
<tbody><tr>
<td width="264" colspan="2" valign="top" style="width:198pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">Plain</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></p>
</td>
<td width="360" colspan="2" valign="top" style="width:269.8pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">Glottalised</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">si-</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘to peel’</span></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">siʔ-</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘to sharpen a pointy object’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">nepal</span></i><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘Nepali, Nepalese, Nepal’</span></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">ne'kat</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘type of bee’ (</span><i><span lang="EN-AU">neʔ</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"> ‘bee’ + <i>kat</i> ‘?’)</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">cha</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘tea’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">cha'</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘foot, leg’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">na-</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘to hear’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">na'</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘fish’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">su-</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘to </span><span lang="EN-AU">scold</span><span lang="EN-AU">’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">su'</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘vagina’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">rimyla</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘slippery’</span><span lang="EN-AU"></span></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">ri' myl=a</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="bottom" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">(penis small<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=cust</span>)
‘the penis is small’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">wal</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘night’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">wal'</span></i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘fire’</span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">rong</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘colour’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">rong'</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘stone’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">man-</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘to crawl’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">man'-</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘to be able, to achieve’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">ram-</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘to dry’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">ram'-</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘to search’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">tyi</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘water’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">thyi'</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘blood’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="72" valign="top" style="width:54pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">taw</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="192" valign="top" style="width:144pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘to go up</span></p>
</td>
<td width="86" valign="top" style="width:64.25pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><i><span lang="EN-AU">taw'</span></i></p>
</td>
<td width="274" valign="top" style="width:205.55pt;border:none;padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><span lang="EN-AU">‘chicken, bird’</span><i><span lang="EN-AU"></span></i></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table></div><div><br clear="all"><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Kind regards,</div><div><br></div><div>Seino</div><div dir="ltr">________________</div><div dir="ltr">Dr. Seino van Breugel</div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://independent.academia.edu/SeinovanBreugel" target="_blank">https://independent.academia.edu/SeinovanBreugel</a><br></div><div dir="ltr"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHfiZwqyWC7HfZUAQ1RH1ew" target="_blank">https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCHfiZwqyWC7HfZUAQ1RH1ew</a></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Mon, Sep 14, 2020 at 8:58 AM Françoise Rose <<a href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Dear Jeff,<br>
could you please forward this answer to your colleague ?<br>
For Mojeño Trinitario (Arawak, Bolivia), the apostrophe represents the glottal stop, in all possible positions: #"C, V'V, V'C but SOME authors use it also to signal one type of morpheme boundaries, between <t> and <y> because <ty> could be interpreted like the phoneme /c/ while the apostrophe, by showing the morpheme boundary, indicates that it is a sequence /tj/ (with t- being a prefix and j the initial consonant of the following root). Other authors use <-> instead, and still others leave this morpheme boundary unmarked, leaving the interpretation of /tj/ vs /c/ to the reader (on the basis of their knowledge of the lexicon).<br>
Best,<br>
Françoise<br>
<br>
<br>
Françoise ROSE<br>
Directrice de Recherches 2ème classe, CNRS<br>
Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage (CNRS/Université Lyon2)<br>
16 avenue Berthelot<br>
69007 Lyon<br>
FRANCE<br>
(33)4 72 72 64 63<br>
<a href="http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE</a><br>
<br>
<br>
<br>
-----Message d'origine-----<br>
De : Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> De la part de Jeff Siegel<br>
Envoyé : vendredi 11 septembre 2020 06:41<br>
À : <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
Objet : [Lingtyp] Apostrophe highlighting morphological information<br>
<br>
Greetings:<br>
<br>
I'm posting a question from a colleague in Germany:<br>
<br>
do you know of any language where the apostrophe represents a glottal stop and where it highlights morphological information? that is, the apostrophe (the glottal stop) only occurs at word-initial or word-final position or at morpheme boundaries. it would be great if you could give me an example. unfortunately i could not find any in the literature. <br>
<br>
Grateful for any replies.<br>
<br>
Thanks,<br>
Jeff<br>
<br>
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</blockquote></div>