<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear all, <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Just a brief comment to Jussi’s examples. I guess, the development there is temporal > reason/cause. I have found similar stuff in English (1) [a bit arguable example, but still] and in Estonian (2) where a bit different temporal conjunction <i class="">kuna </i>‘while’ is used. However, I am not sure that in Estonian <i class="">kuna </i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">can be used as general complementizer. But in general, i</span>t seems that temporal > cause/reason is a cross-linguistically quite frequent development (see Heine & Kuteva 2002: 291, "temporal > cause” entry & “since (temporal) > cause”, ibid: 275).</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">(1) <i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class="">The driver of one of the buses was shot dead </i><b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""><i class="">when</i></b><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""> he </i><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""><i class="">allegedly</i></span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""> recognised one of the dacoits </i><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue"; font-style: normal;" class="">(enTenTen15)</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div class=""><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class="">(2)<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class="">Itaalias<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>saavutas<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Birgitta<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>suure<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>populaarsuse,<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></i><b style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""><i class="">kuna</i></b><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span></i><span style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""><i class="">väidetavalt<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="font-weight: bold; white-space: pre;"> </span></i></span><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class="">tegi<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>ta<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>mitmeid<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>imetegusid<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span></i><i style="font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class="">ja<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>aitas<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>vaeseid.</i></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>Italy.ine<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>achieve.pst.3sg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>pn<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>big.gen<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>popularity.gen<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>while<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>allegedly<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>do.pst.3sg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>3sg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>a.number.of.pl.par<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>miracle.pl.par<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>and<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>help.pst.3sg<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>poor.pl.par</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""><span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>‘In Italy Birgitta achieved huge popularity <b class="">since </b>allegedly she did a number of miracles and helped poor.’ (enTenTen13)</div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class="">Best wishes from Tartu, </div><div style="margin: 0px; font-stretch: normal; line-height: normal; font-family: "Helvetica Neue";" class="">Denys Teptiuk</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On 26. Sep 2020, at 21:10, Jussi Ylikoski <<a href="mailto:jussi.ylikoski@oulu.fi" class="">jussi.ylikoski@oulu.fi</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">Dear Rodrigo, </span></div><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">If it doesn't "matter how loose these assumptions might be or how restricted to a small number of semantic context or complement-taking predicates", Finnic and Saami languages of the Uralic family do have multiple-purpose conjunctions, often with the primary meaning 'when', e.g. the temporal conjunction<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">kun</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in Finnish. However, although there are more specialized subordinators like the mostly causative<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">koska</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>'as; because' and the general complementizer<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">että</i>, many languages like my own idiolect of colloquial Finnish also permit the use of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">kun</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>'when; because; as;<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-caps: small-caps; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal;" class="">comp</span>'. Here are the translations of your Hausa examples: </span></div><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";" class="">(1)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";" class="">Ne<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span>pakeni,<span class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class=""> </span>koska/<b class="">kun</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>ne<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span>pelkäs,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span>että ne<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span>pidätetään. </span></i></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";" class=""> 3PL flee.PST.3 as/<i class="">kun</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span>3PL fear.PST.3 COMP 3PL arrest.PASS </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";" class=""> '<b class="">As</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>they are afraid of being arrested, they fled.' </span></div><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";" class=""> </span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";" class="">(2)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><i class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";" class="">Mä<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span>ihmettelen, että/<b class="">kun</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>ne<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span>lähtee näin aikaisin. </span></i></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; line-height: 18.399999618530273px;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";" class=""> 1SG wonder.1SG<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span>COMP/<i class="">kun</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>3PL go.3<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span>this early </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: "Courier New";" class=""> 'I am surprised<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">that</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>they go out (this) early.' </span></div><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; float: none; display: inline !important;" class=""></span><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">(My examples are in colloquial Finnish, as I believe that some local purists would oppose my examples if they were presented as standard Finnish.) </span></div><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">Unfortunately, I suppose that few people dare to say which way these functions have developed. </span></div><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">Best regards, </span></div><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">Jussi<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class=""></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><div id="appendonsend" class=""></div><div style="font-family: Tahoma, Geneva, sans-serif; font-size: 10pt;" class=""><br class=""></div><hr tabindex="-1" style="display: inline-block; width: 794.765625px;" class=""><div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr" class=""><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size: 11pt;" class=""><b class="">Frá:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> fyrir hönd tiritiri trauntraun <<a href="mailto:hernaitz@hotmail.com" class="">hernaitz@hotmail.com</a>><br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>miðvikudagur, 23. september 2020 12:03<br class=""><b class="">Til:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" class="">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br class=""><b class="">Efni:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[Lingtyp] From causal to complement markers</font><div class=""> </div></div><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class=""><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;">Dear all, </p><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;">I’m interested in finding examples of languages for which it might be assumed (either tacitly or explicitly) that elements marking complement clauses are directly derived from markers of causal clauses, as in (1) and (2): </p><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;"><span class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>Hausa (Chadic, Afroasiatic). Abdoulaye 2008. </p><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 36pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;"><span lang="ES" class="">(1)<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><span class=""> </span><b class="">Dà</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>su-kèe tsòoro-n à kaamàa su, sun gudù. </span></p><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 36pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;"><span class=""><span class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class=""> </span><b class="">as</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>3p-</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal;" class="">RI<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="">fear-of imp.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal;" class="">SBJ<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="">arrest 3p 3p.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal;" class="">CPL<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="">flee </span></p><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt 36pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;"><span class=""><span class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>'<b class="">As</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>they are afraid of being arrested, they fled.' </span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;" class=""><span class="">(2) Naa yi màamaakìi<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">dà</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>su-kèe fìtaa dà wuri. </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;" class=""><span class=""><span class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>1s.</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal;" class="">CPL<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="">do surprise<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">as</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>3p-</span><span style="font-size: 11pt; line-height: normal;" class="">RI<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span class="">go.out at early </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;" class=""><span class=""><span class=""> <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></span>'I am surprised<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">that</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>they go out early.' </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 24px;" class=""><span class=""><br class=""></span></div><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;">For Hausa, Abdoulaye assumes that<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">dà</i><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>in (2) functions as a complementizer, and that this is a ‘secondary’ extension from a causal source (1). Similar interpretations can be found for Latin (<i class="">quod</i>,<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">quia</i>) or for a number of Semitic languages (e.g., Hebrew, Amharic or Akkadian). Schmidtke-Bode (2014) also mentions other possible cases, like Epena Pedee. </p><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;">I’d be very grateful to hear about any other potential cases, no matter how loose these assumptions might be or how restricted to a small number of semantic context or complement-taking predicates. </p><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;"><span style="background-color: white;" class="">Many thanks! </span></p><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;"><span style="background-color: white;" class="">Best, </span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;" class=""><span style="background-color: white;" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><p class="x_MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 17.1200008392334px;"><span style="background-color: white;" class="">Rodrigo Hernáiz </span></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;" class="">Lecturer in Languages and Linguistics</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;" class=""><span class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;" class="">School of Languages and Applied Linguistics</span></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); border: 1pt none windowtext; padding: 0cm;" class=""><span class=""><span class="">The Open University</span> </span></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="mailto:rodrigo.hernaiz-gomez@open.ac.uk" class="">rodrigo.hernaiz-gomez@open.ac.uk</a> </span></div><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; background-color: white;" class=""><span style="font-size: 10.5pt; font-family: "Segoe UI", sans-serif; color: rgb(0, 120, 212); background-color: rgb(237, 235, 233); background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" class=""> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;" class=""><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; background-color: white;" class=""> </span></font></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 17.12px;" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;" class="">Abdoulaye, M. L. (2008).</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;" class=""><i class=""> </i></span><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;" class=""><i class="">Origin of relative marking in Hausa</i></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;" class="">. (<a href="https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00259490" class="">https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00259490</a>)</span></font><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;" class=""> </span></p><p style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt;" class=""><span style="margin: 0px; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class="">Schmidtke-Bode, K. (2014)</span><span style="margin: 0px; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class="">. </span><font face="Times New Roman, serif" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class=""><i class="">Complement clauses and complementation systems: A cross-linguistic study of grammatical organization</i></span></font><span style="margin: 0px; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class=""> (Doctoral dissertation, Thüringer Universitäts-und Landesbibliothek Jena).</span><span style="margin: 0px;" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;" class=""> </span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px;" class=""></p><div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 8pt; line-height: 12.84000015258789px;" class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: normal;" class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><br class=""></div><div id="x_DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2" class=""><br class=""><table style="border-top-width: 1px; 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