<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="" style="line-height: 1.38; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">*APOLOGIES FOR CROSS-POSTING!*</span></div><div class="" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="font-weight: 700; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</span></div><div class="" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">CALL FOR ABSTRACTS</span></div><div class="" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">54th Annual Meeting of the Societas Linguistica Europaea</span></div><div class="" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">31 August – 3 September 2021, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens</span></div><div class="" style="text-align: center; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span style="font-weight: 700; white-space: pre-wrap;" class="">Workshop "Integrating sociolinguistics and typological perspectives on language variation: methods and concepts"</span></div><div class="" style="text-align: center;"><br class=""></div><div class="" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b class="">Convenors</b>: </span></div><div class="" style="line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">Silvia Ballarè (University of Bologna)</span><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Francesca Di Garbo (University of Helsinki)</span><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">, Guglielmo Inglese (</span><span class="" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">University of Leuven, FWO - Research Foundation Flanders)</span><span class="" style="white-space: pre-wrap;">, and Eri Kashima (University of Helsinki)</span></div><p dir="ltr" class="" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;"><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b class="">Keynote speakers</b>:</span></p><ul class=""><li class=""><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;" class="">Bernd Kortmann (Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies </span><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;" class="">- University of Freiburg)</span></li><li class=""><span style="white-space: pre-wrap;" class="">Susanne Michaelis (University of Leipzig - Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History)</span></li></ul><div class=""><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div class="" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b class="">Keywords</b>: </span></div><div class="" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">linguistic diversity, sociolinguistics, language typology, language ecologies, dialectology.</span></div><div class="" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;">
</span></div><div class="" style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;"><b class="">Workshop description</b></span></div><div class="" style="line-height: 1.2; text-align: justify; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;"><span class="" style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; vertical-align: baseline;"><div style="line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Linguistic variation, loosely defined here as the wholesale processes whereby patterns of language structures exhibit divergent distributions within and across languages, has traditionally been the object of research of at least two branches of linguistics: variationist sociolinguistics and linguistic typology. In spite of their similar research agendas, the two approaches have only rarely converged in the description and interpretation of variation (see Trudgill 2011). While a number of studies attempting to address at least aspects of this relationship have appeared in recent years, a principled discussion on how the two disciplines may interact has not yet been carried out in a programmatic way. The present workshop aims to fill this gap and to provide a venue for discussions on the bridging between sociolinguistic and typological research, with the ultimate goal of laying out the methodological and conceptual foundations of an integrated research agenda for the study of linguistic variation.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">We identify two broad promising domains of interaction between sociolinguistic and typological approaches to the study of variation: </span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">1. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Understanding and explaining non-linguistic correlates of linguistic diversity</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> </span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Over the past decades, researchers have argued that various factors pertaining to population structure and the broader ecology of speech communities contribute to shape the worldwide distribution of language structures. Examples of suggested factors are the difference between open and close-knit communities (Wray & Grace 2007; Trudgill 2011), geographic spread, population size, and number of linguistic neighbors (Lupyan & Dale 2010), proportion of L2 speakers in a community (Bentz & Winter 2013). These factors represent some of the building blocks of the</span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> Linguistic Niche Hypothesis </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">(LNH, Lupyan & Dale 2010): language structures that represent a burden to adult learners (e.g., degree of inflectional synthesis) tend to be disfavored in language ecologies characterized by large numbers of speakers and loose network structures, and to be favored in language ecologies characterized by smaller population sizes and denser network structures. </span><span style="text-indent: 18pt; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Even though useful to test general hypotheses about linguistic adaptation, the sociohistorical variables that have so far been put to the test in the spirit of LNH remain somewhat </span><span style="text-indent: 18pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">distal</span><span style="text-indent: 18pt; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> to the fundamental mechanisms that underpin language variation and change. For instance, stating that there is a relationship between population size and phoneme inventory size (Hay & Laurie 2007; Wichmann et al. 2011; Moran et al. 2012) does not in itself fully explain the linguistic and socio-cognitive mechanisms that give rise to cross-linguistic differences in phoneme inventories. </span><span style="text-indent: 18pt;" class="">Understanding the link between sociohistorical and typological variation ultimately requires a twofold effort: on the one hand, conducting in-depth studies of language evolution and change, and the role of contact and language ecology in the dynamics of language; on the other hand, using evidence from these studies to develop new methods and variables for large-scale comparisons of language structures, social structures and interactions thereof.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="text-indent: 24px;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="text-indent: 24px;" class="">2. </span><span style="text-indent: 24px; font-style: italic;" class="">Understanding and explaining language-internal and cross-linguistic variation</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Structural variation is the main object of interest of typology and sociolinguistics: a closer interaction of the two disciplines may benefit both on a methodological and conceptual level. </span><span style="text-indent: 18pt;" class="">On a methodological level, what typologists may learn from sociolinguistics is the opportunity to take into account (also) non-standard varieties, often neglected in the practice of building typological samples. The comparison between non-standard varieties may reveal the existence of common features even across typologically distant languages (cf. e.g. Auer 1990 and Auer & Maschler 2013 on Modern Hebrew and German) and could show patterns of variation that cannot be observed taking into consideration standard varieties only (Bossong 1991 and more recently Kortmann 2004, Chambers 2004, 2009, Filppula, Klemola & Paulasto 2009, Kortmann & Lunkenheimer 2013). </span><span style="text-indent: 18pt;" class="">On a more conceptual level, linguistic variation is traditionally explained differently in typology and sociolinguistics. Patterns of cross-linguistic distributions are usually explained in terms of functional properties (economy, iconicity, processing, etc.) associated with individual constructions (Haspelmath 2019). Conversely, language internal variation is often explained by variationist sociolinguistics by also appealing to extra-linguistic socio-demographic factors (speakers’ age and education, register, etc.). Likewise, in a historical perspective, typology has been concerned with the general mechanisms of language change that bring about specific cross-linguistic patterns of distribution (Cristofaro 2019), while sociolinguistics has put emphasis on the extra-linguistic factors behind the progressive diffusion of linguistic innovations within communities (Labov 2001). However, typological and sociolinguistic explanations of variation are in principle not mutually exclusive, and should be integrated into a general explanatory framework of linguistic variation.</span></div><div style="text-align: left;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">The proposed workshop will bring together these two streams of research in the attempt of unifying </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">macro-</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> and </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">micro-</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">perspectives on language variation, thus creating opportunities for dialogue and exchange between scholars from each of these fields, their methods and proposed explanatory models. </span></div><div style="text-align: left;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="text-align: left;" class=""><b class="">Call for abstracts</b></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">We welcome contributions on any of the following topics (the list is not exhaustive):</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><ul class=""><li class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Theories: </span></li><ul class=""><li class="">conceptual tools for an integrated approach to the study of linguistic variation</li></ul><li class="">Methods: </li><ul class=""><li class="">sampling techniques and variable design (both sociolinguistic and typological) for studying adaptive responses of language structures to social structures</li><li class="">corpus-based methodologies for crosslinguistic variationist studies</li><li class="">typologically informed description of intra-linguistic variation</li></ul><li class="">Contributions from the ground: large-scale typological investigations, speech-community-based studies, and/or experimental studies focusing on (the list is not exhaustive):</li><ul class=""><li class="">the relationship between language structures and the non-linguistic environment</li><li class="">language-internal vs. external explanations for language variation and change</li><li class="">models of change and diffusion at the community level and at the level of language structures.</li></ul></ul></div><div style="text-align: left;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">We invite </span><span style="font-weight: 700; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">abstracts of max. 300 words</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">. Please, send abstracts in docx or pdf format to:</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="text-decoration: underline; color: rgb(17, 85, 204); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><span style="white-space: pre;" class=""><a href="mailto:guglielmo.inglese@kuleuven.be" class="">guglielmo.inglese@kuleuven.be</a></span></span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><a href="mailto:eri.kashima@helsinki.fi" style="white-space: pre; text-decoration: none;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;" class="">eri.kashima@helsinki.fi</span></a><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> </span></div><p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 12pt; margin-bottom: 12pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">The </span><span style="font-weight: 700; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">DEADLINE FOR THE SUBMISSION</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> of the short abstract is </span><span style="font-weight: 700; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">NOVEMBER 10, 2020</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">.</span></p><p dir="ltr" style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; margin-top: 5pt; margin-bottom: 5pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">If the workshop proposal is accepted, you will also have to prepare a full abstract (500 words) and submit it to be reviewed by the SLE. The </span><span style="font-weight: 700; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">deadline for full abstract submission is January 15, 2021</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">.</span></p><div style="text-align: left;" class=""><br class=""></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.38; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt;" class=""><span style="font-weight: 700; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">References</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Auer, Peter. 1990. Einige umgangssprachliche Phänomene der türkischen Syntax und Möglichkeiten ihrer Erklärung aus ‘natürlichen’ Prinzipien. In </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Spielarten der Natürlichkeit–Spielarten der Ökonomie. Beiträge zum 5, Essener Kolloquium, vol. 2</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">, Boretzky, Norbert, Werner Enninger & Thomas Stolz (eds.), 271–298. Bochum: Brockmeyer.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Auer, Peter & Yael Maschler. 2013. Discourse or grammar? VS patterns in spoken Hebrew and spoken German narratives. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Language Science</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> 37.147-181.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Bentz, Christian & Bodo Winter. 2013. Languages with more second language learners tend to lose nominal case. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Language Dynamics and Change</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> 3. 1-27.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Bossong, Georg. 1991. Differential Object Marking in Romance and Beyond. In </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">New Analyses in Romance Linguistics</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">, Kibbee, Douglas & Dieter Wanner (eds.), 143 - 170. Amsterdam/Philadelphia: Benjamins</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Chambers, Jack. 2004. Dynamic typology and vernacular universals. In </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Dialectology Meets Typology: Dialect Grammar from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">, Kortmann, Bernd (ed.), 128-145. Berlin/New York: Mouton de Gruyter.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Chambers, Jack 2009. Cognition and the Linguistic Continuum from Vernacular to Standard. In </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Vernacular Universals and Language Contacts</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">, Marrkku Filppula, Juhani Klemola & Heli Paulasto (eds.), 19-32. London-New York: Routledge.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Cristofaro, Sonia. 2019. Taking diachronic evidence seriously: Result-oriented vs. source-oriented explanations of typological universals. In </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Explanation in typology</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">, Karsten Schmidtke-Bode, Natalia Levshina, Susanne Maria Michaelis & Ilja A. Seržant (eds.), 25–46. Berlin: Language Science Press.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Fillpula, Marrku, Juhani Klemola & Heli Paulasto (eds.). 2009. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Vernacular Universals and Language Contacts. Evidence from Varieties of English and Beyond, </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Routledge, London.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Haspelmath, Martin. 2019. Can cross-linguistic regularities be explained by change constraints? In </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Explanation in Linguistic Typology</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">, Karsten Schmidtke-Bode, Natalia Levshina, Susanne Maria Michaelis & Ilja A. Seržant (eds.), 1-24. Berlin: Language Science Press.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Hay, Jennifer & Laurie Bauer. 2007. Phoneme inventory size and population size. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Language</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> 83. 388-400.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Kortmann, Bernd. 2004. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Dialectology Meets Typology: Dialect Grammar from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> (ed). Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Kortmann, Benrnd & Kerstin Lunkenheimer (eds.). 2013. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">The Electronic World Atlas of Varieties of English 2.0</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">, Leipzig: Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology (available online: </span><a href="http://ewave-atlas.org/" style="text-decoration: none;" class=""><span style="color: rgb(17, 85, 204); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-decoration: underline; -webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">http://ewave-atlas.org</span></a><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">).</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Labov, William. 2001, </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Principles of Linguistic Change. Vol. II. Social Factors</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">. Wiley-Blackwell: Oxford.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Lupyan, Gary & Rick Dale. 2010. Language structure is partly determined by social structure. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">PLOS one </span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">5(1). 1-10.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Moran, Steven, Daniel McCloy & Richard Wright. 2012. Revisiting population size vs. phoneme inventory size. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Language</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> 88. 877-893.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Trudgill, Peter. 2011. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Sociolinguistic typology: Social determinants of linguistic complexity</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">. Oxford: Oxford University Press.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Wichmann, S</span><span style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">ø</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">ren, Taraka Rama & Eric Holman. 2011. Phonological diversity, word length, and population sizes across languages: the ASJP evidence. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Linguistic Typology</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> 15. 177-97.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Wray, Alison & George W Grace. 2007. The consequences of talking to strangers: Evolutionary corollaries of socio-cultural influences on linguistic form. </span><span style="font-style: italic; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class="">Lingua</span><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""> 117(3). 543-578.</span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""><span style="font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline;" class=""><br class=""></span></div><div style="text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; line-height: 1.2; text-indent: -18pt; margin-top: 0pt; margin-bottom: 0pt; padding: 0pt 0pt 0pt 18pt;" class=""></div></div></span></div></body></html>