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Dear Ian,</div>
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Just adding Celtic to the list of families where east is in front of you and hence 'right' and 'south' correlate (Middle Welsh
<i>deheu</i>, Modern Welsh <i>de</i>; Old Irish <i>dess</i>, Modern Irish <i>deas</i>). Also Welsh
<i>gogledd</i> 'north' (go- + <i>cledd</i> 'left', archaic) and Middle Irish <i>fochla</i> 'north' (<i>fo- + clé</i> 'left', cognate with W
<i>cledd</i>).</div>
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All the best,</div>
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Silva</div>
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<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">Dr Silva Nurmio</span></p>
<p style="margin-top:0px; margin-bottom:0px; margin-top:0; margin-bottom:0"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif">Postdoctoral researcher</span></p>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Siva Kalyan <sivakalyan.princeton@gmail.com><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 26 December 2020 02:54<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] “Rear=North” in Mainland Northeast Asia</font>
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<div class="" style="word-wrap:break-word; line-break:after-white-space">Sanskrit likewise has
<i class="">dakṣiṇa</i><span class="" style="font-style:normal"> (> "Deccan [plateau]"), which means both "right" and "south". And I just learned that
</span><i class="">teṉ</i><span class="" style="font-style:normal"> in Tamil has the same polysemy. The terms for "north" do not mean "left" in either of these languages, though.</span>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Siva<br class="">
<div><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On 25 Dec 2020, at 9:18 pm, David Gil <<a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" class="">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>> wrote:</div>
<br class="x_Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<p class="">Dear Ian (and all),</p>
<p class="">In the Middle East, forward/backwards maps on to the cardinal points at a 90º rotation to what you describe for NE Asia. In (poetic) Hebrew, E is 'forward', while in Arabic, N is 'left', while 'Yemen' is, etymologically, 'right' — in all three
cases, you're facing east.</p>
<p class="">One might speculate that both systems are sun-oriented, the Middle-Eastern system towards the highly-valued rising sun, and the NE Asian system towards the location of the sun at midday.</p>
<p class="">David</p>
<p class=""><br class="">
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<div class=""><br class="x_webkit-block-placeholder">
</div>
<div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">On 25/12/2020 08:29, JOO, Ian [Student] wrote:<br class="">
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div name="x_messageBodySection" class="">
<div dir="auto" class="">Dear typologists,<br class="">
<br class="">
I am currently working on a doctoral project focusing on the areality of Mainland Northeast Asia (Korea, Mongolia, Northeast China, but <strong class="">not</strong> Japan, Russian Far East, or Sout<span class="" style="">hern/Western China).</span><br class="">
One of the interesting possible areal features of MNEA languages (Tuvan, Manchu, Korean, Mandarin, and Mongolian) that I’ve found is that these five languages, except Mandarin, can express “North” with the word meaning “rear; back; behind”. Please see the map:<br class="">
<img height="auto" class="" data-outlook-trace="F:0|T:1" src="cid:82A3F024701F4B0692CCA7C2CAE5EA7F"><br class="">
<br class="">
(Note that, in Mandarin, <em class="">bei</em> 北 `North’ and <em class="">bei </em>背 `back; backside’ differ only in tone, and are etymologically related)<br class="">
I’m curious if this polysemy exists in other areas as well, and if so, what would be the motivation? (Historical? Cultural? Religious? Cognitive? Climatic?)</div>
</div>
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Regards,
<div dir="auto" class="">Ian</div>
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<pre class="x_moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
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Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091</pre>
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