<html xmlns:o="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:office" xmlns:w="urn:schemas-microsoft-com:office:word" xmlns:m="http://schemas.microsoft.com/office/2004/12/omml" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/TR/REC-html40"><head><meta name=表題 content=""><meta name="キーワード" content=""><meta http-equiv=Content-Type content="text/html; charset=utf-8"><meta name=Generator content="Microsoft Word 15 (filtered medium)"><style><!--
/* Font Definitions */
@font-face
{font-family:"Cambria Math";
panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"Yu Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 4 0 0 0 0 0 0 0;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@Yu Mincho";}
@font-face
{font-family:Calibri;
panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:Tahoma;
panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"lr oSVbN";}
@font-face
{font-family:"MS Mincho";
panose-1:2 2 6 9 4 2 5 8 3 4;}
@font-face
{font-family:"\@MS Mincho";}
/* Style Definitions */
p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal
{margin:0mm;
margin-bottom:.0001pt;
font-size:12.0pt;
font-family:"Times New Roman";}
a:link, span.MsoHyperlink
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:#0563C1;
text-decoration:underline;}
a:visited, span.MsoHyperlinkFollowed
{mso-style-priority:99;
color:#954F72;
text-decoration:underline;}
span.EmailStyle17
{mso-style-type:personal;
font-family:"lr oSVbN";
color:black;
font-weight:bold;}
span.EmailStyle18
{mso-style-type:personal-reply;
font-family:"lr oSVbN";
color:black;
font-weight:bold;}
span.msoIns
{mso-style-type:export-only;
mso-style-name:"";
text-decoration:underline;
color:teal;}
.MsoChpDefault
{mso-style-type:export-only;
font-size:10.0pt;}
@page WordSection1
{size:595.0pt 842.0pt;
margin:99.25pt 30.0mm 30.0mm 30.0mm;}
div.WordSection1
{page:WordSection1;}
--></style></head><body bgcolor=white lang=JA link="#0563C1" vlink="#954F72"><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>送信元</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>TasakuTsunoda <tasakutsunoda@nifty.com><br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日付</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>2021</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>年</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>1</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>月</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>16</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日土曜日</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'> 11:35<br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>宛先</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Dmitri Sitchinava <mitrius@gmail.com>, <LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org>, TasakuTsunoda <tasakutsunoda@nifty.com><br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>件名</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Re: [Lingtyp] Grammatcalization of 'road/way/path'.<o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Dear Colleague,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> Korean provides interesting examples. Please see the following work.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Kim, Joungmin. 2020. Korean. In Tasaku Tsunoda (ed.), <i>Mermaid construction: A compound-predicate construction with biclausal appearance, </i>283–331. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> There are two nouns that are relevant.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> [1] <i>Kil</i> means ‘road, path, ways, means’ (Kim 2020: 302). On p. 284, Kim gives the following example.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>(5) [<i>Na=nun unhayng=ey ka-nun</i>]</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> I=TOP bank=DAT/LOC go-ADN.NPST</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> <b><i>kil</i></b><i>=i-ta.</i></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> road=COP-DECL</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> LT: ‘[I go to the bank] the road is.’ </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> FT: ‘I am on my way to the bank.’</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>(5) is an instance of the mermaid construction. <i>Ka-nun kil=i-ta </i>can be regarded as a compound predicate (“Verb Noun Copula”) (see Kim 2020: 328), and in this compound predicate the noun “<i>kil</i> encodes an aspectual meaning: progressive” (Kim 2020: 302).</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> [2] <i>Phyen </i>“means ‘side, part, direction, way’” (Kim 2020: 304). On p. 304, Kim gives the following example.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>(73) [<i>Chinkwu=nun achim=ey ilccik</i> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> friend=TOP morning=DAT/LOC early </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> <i>ilena-nun</i>]<i> <b>phyen</b>=i-ta.</i></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> get.up-ADN.NPST side=COP-DECL </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> ‘(My) friend has a habit of getting up early in the morning.’</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>(73), too, is an instance of the mermaid construction. <i>Ilena-nun phyen=i-ta</i> can be regarded as a compound predicate (“Verb Noun Copula”) (see Kim 2020: 328), and in this compound predicate the noun “<i>phyen </i>describes tendency, habit or attitude” (Kim 2020: 304).</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> In many instances of the mermaid construction of Korean and other languages, the noun in the compound predicate (“Verb Noun Copula”) functions as a marker for a modal meaning, an evidential meaning, an aspectual meaning (e.g. (5) and (73) of Korean), a temporal meaning, a stylistic effect or a discourse-related meaning. Please see pp. 13–19 of the following work:</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Tsunoda, Tasaku. 2020. Mermaid construction: An introduction and summary. In Tasaku Tsunoda (ed.), <i>Mermaid construction: A compound-predicate construction with biclausal appearance</i>, 1–62. Berlin & Boston: De Gruyter Mouton.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> If you would like to know more about this volume, please visit the following site:</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>https://www.degruyter.com/view/title/568273</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Best wishes,</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;color:black'>Tasaku Tsunoda</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"lr oSVbN";color:black'> </span></b><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:16.0pt;font-family:"lr oSVbN";color:black'> </span></b><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0mm 0mm 0mm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>送信元</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> (Dmitri Sitchinava <mitrius@gmail.com> </span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>の代理</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>)<br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日付</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>2021</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>年</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>1</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>月</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>15</span><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>日金曜日</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'> 4:10<br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>宛先</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'><LINGTYP@listserv.linguistlist.org><br></span><b><span style='font-family:"MS Mincho";color:black'>件名</span></b><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>: </span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-family:Calibri;color:black'>[Lingtyp] Grammatcalization of 'road/way/path'.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'>Dear typologists.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'><br><br><br></span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'>Me and my colleague are interested in grammaticalization patterns with nouns meaning 'road/way/path'. </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black'><br>In Svorou (1994) various examples of grammaticalization into spatial grams are provided, but examples beyond the spatial domain are probably even more interesting.<br>The pattern 'way/matter' is also well-known, but to give you a few more examples: English intensifier <i>way</i> too, French <i>être en voie de</i> and Swedish <i>på väg att</i> (~to be about to), German <i>wegen</i> 'because of'. The famous <i>way</i>-construction (<i>to V one's way</i>) is also worth mentioning.<br><br>We would appreciate it if you could help us to collect more data so that we could get a more diverse sample and would not miss some potentially interesting patterns.</span><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Best<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>Dmitri<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>_______________________________________________ Lingtyp mailing list Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></body></html>