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<span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Thanks for starting this debate, but I think the casual "<font color="#4c1130" class="">consider Spencer and Luis' notion of canonical clitic” does a disservice to a perceptive account, by linguists who have devoted
a good deal of time and care to a challenging problem. It’s a real step forward in understanding clitics. S</font><span style="caret-color: rgb(76, 17, 48); color: rgb(76, 17, 48);" class="">pencer and Luís </span><font color="#4c1130" class=""> do not "reify
traditional categories", rather they conclude that </font>"We do not believe that it is possible to find any single unique property or properties that would characterize clitics and exclude neighbouring types of elements, specifically affixes and function
words.” <span class="a" style="left: 776px; top: 1092px; word-spacing: 6px; letter-spacing: 1px;"> T</span>heir account involves an intersection of dimensions … but better, here it is: <span class="a" style="left: 776px; top: 1092px; word-spacing: 6px; letter-spacing: 1px;">(<a href="https://www.academia.edu/4379177/The_canonical_clitic_With_Ana_Lu%C3%ADs_" class="">https://www.academia.edu/4379177/The_canonical_clitic_With_Ana_Lu%C3%ADs_</a>)
T</span>hey reached a better understanding of clitics, and advanced canonical typology too: a paper to be celebrated.</span>
<div class=""><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Very best</span></div>
<div class=""><span style="font-size: 14px;" class="">Grev</span></div>
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<div class="">On 6 Feb 2021, at 09:42, Adam James Ross Tallman <<a href="mailto:ajrtallman@utexas.edu" class="">ajrtallman@utexas.edu</a>> wrote:</div>
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Thanks for all of the replies,<br class="">
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While I certainly appreciate the sources provided (Natalia's paper is right on the nose regarding my question), Erich's comments seem to assume that it is possible to do language comparison without any simplifying assumptions. It's as if the logical space that
emerges from canons provides an unbiased Archimedean vantage point, with no potential to reify traditional categories (I would really question this - consider Spencer and Luis' notion of canonical clitic). There also seems to be an exaggeration of our ability
to directly get at the reality of individual languages ("cut languages at the joints"), trivializing all the difficulties in getting the facts right, the real difficulty that many data gathering techniques themselves have biases that result in dangers of misinterpretation
(calques from the contact language in the case of elicitation, misinterpretation of the context with naturalistic speech, top-down hallucinations in the domain of the phonetics-phonology interface, an inability to untangle or measure confounds in phonetic
measurements), and the fact that (unbeknownst to the well meaning typologist) many of the posited 'diagnostics', 'typological variables' and even 'comparative concepts' are ambiguous in their interpretation and descriptivists are sometimes pushed towards "just
picking one" of these interpretations lest we be called out as misunderstanding the literature.<br class="">
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Here I would endorse the work by philosopher William Wimsatt, who has worked on developing a philosophy of heuristics for scientific inference, and the anthropologist Matei Candea. I think the points made in these works resonate with Martin's views to a certain
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Wimsatt, William. 2007. Re-Engineering Philosophy for Limited Beings: Piecewise approximations to reality. Harvard University Press.
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Candea, Matei. 2019. Comparison in Anthropology: The Impossible Method. Cambridge University Press.<br class="">
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best,<br class="">
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Adam<br class="">
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<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Feb 5, 2021 at 6:24 PM Martin Haspelmath <<a href="mailto:martin_haspelmath@eva.mpg.de" class="">martin_haspelmath@eva.mpg.de</a>> wrote:<br class="">
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<div class="">Thanks, Erich! Yes, it's true that comparative concepts "do not address the issue of non-unique analysis", because they are not about analysis, but about classification.<br class="">
<br class="">
Linguists often conflate these two things – they say things like "I <i class="">analyze</i> phenomenon X as Y", where "Y" is a category known from some other language. But this works only if Y is assumed to be an innate building block.<br class="">
<br class="">
So if one invokes phenomena that are also found in other languages, one should say "I
<i class="">classify</i> X as Y". And I think that classification can and should be unique (unlike analysis), because the classificatory categories are defined in such a way that they apply equally everywhere. (They are "cookie-cutters" whose shape and size
is not dependent on the dough, to use Erich's apt metaphor.)<br class="">
<br class="">
What Round (2019) apparently attempts to do is to have it both ways: "carve languages at their joints", but in a way that still allows comparison, by "choosing judiciously" among different (equally possible) analyses. I fear that such "judicious choices" may
introduce too much subjectiveness (criteria selection bias, as Tallman 2021 calls it:
<a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fling.auf.net%2Flingbuzz%2F005720&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560363690%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=32IRsjH5nWKOCe9b%2FjxNKg2GhjaU8yrSwSLRbUqA3oE%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005720" shash="w1qcUywL/VMejgc8J4uhIZaY9kI+BpOuGImXMnMfHJ4BGzBHqVyR+FUZbF0FmcEjSBz9OXeUk8CoPpOMufcZqbfsUahdjlGXDFdJ6r/NgXS7XKRkeqAiChQtVnlvLZNk7Czw3b38i+1b/JljQs/23iw8CWXE9nBt1jV0IY810zE=" target="_blank" class="">
https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005720</a>).<br class="">
<br class="">
Erich is absolutely right that by choosing "cookie-cutter"-type comparative concepts (e.g. WALS-type category-like concepts, or parallel text passages, or Nijmegen-style visual stimuli), one incurs "the cost of losing sight of the systems being characterised"
– except that "losing sight" suggests that one could do both things simultaneously.<br class="">
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I'm not sure whether there is a "growing consensus", though. I replied to Himmelmann's 2019 paper here:
<a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdlc.hypotheses.org%2F2447&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560373682%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=Xn10%2F%2BioddilJkjg85ausXwvLrcqY4W9KeXcCsiFqqw%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://dlc.hypotheses.org/2447" shash="kN47Rj4MEHJ9bAnG+Upmnb31/rPcHZJTWe+uoygUqOK/Ffo8ZfQeXUYRdJ/7k+I9xEt4MTiixzuPHkpaGk0tbGJ+ExTde8j2XDeCX8BZ1JFvazk3zefPjDHRxWcsfXhtwJTM6Lsr6JoehSjHE58+AP/MF4OfhIHOSkyriuWBFO4=" target="_blank" class="">
https://dlc.hypotheses.org/2447</a>, and I will reply to the critical comments on my "General linguistics" paper (mostly by generative linguists such as David Adger:
<a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fling.auf.net%2Flingbuzz%2F005691&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560373682%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=Q48hWTKnzayLUgEPJYLHqLd7vi1syziZdVD3FIJV%2BLc%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005691" shash="CuDI6nmAHIj73ElHtVF8Yjczbr81letJkA63m4zT/QE/HBN+exDnVexCaHwVwK8t1pa5lIiSourr6XAv/YpewferhNnReZKFsLCkLt9a/eJg4EepbTqXjm4PXm2qnXBseoZaHWBm9lghty9S+IMVtvYdpiJtn+BOCovTgWGzmQU=" target="_blank" class="">
https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005691</a>) next month. It still seems to me that the main lack of consensus is between advocates of innate building blocks and everyone else.<br class="">
<br class="">
Martin<br class="">
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<div class="">Am 05.02.21 um 08:37 schrieb Erich Round:<br class="">
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi all,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Martin Haspelmath writes,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:36pt">different issues here: … (iii) how one links language-particular phenomena to comparative concepts; Erich Round's paper on “Australian Phonemic Inventories Contributed to PHOIBLE 2.0” <a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.3464333&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560383676%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=tXCmlI1ihT%2BGQtL5X8yQh2f5CZXVZ%2FatWcR7%2B0QzBM8%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464333" shash="ePyc9fdM/S+fygagZplcXVX2sgweOIYWijgxQnKoMctzwMsOgQOpxM+K+PwvDWAZMZLzkosQuR4mnubkIQ/S5rOFpybO8mP6/+j32DGKqhH1sUqWAud8+0z7Ns+qWVP2RcXV7kVIFB35uPvRh2cJtx7qOkGiA8FN8RzDg0vrRP0=" target="_blank" class="">https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464333</a> is
a clear example of this last type. <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">This misconstrues what the study does altogether, but it also raises a point worth delving into, so thanks to Martin in the spirit of zigzagging towards the light:<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Round (2019) considers the language-internal analyses of a large sample of Australian languages. Relevant to Adam’s topic, phonemic analysis is famously non-unique, and a given language typically allows multiple possible analyses. To put
it another way, there are multiple ways to carve a sound system at its joints. Round (2019) chooses among these multiple, possible, language-internal analyses, endeavouring to ensure that the principles of the analysis are comparable across languages. Thus,
when languages in the dataset do differ, those differences are more likely to reflect empirical differences in the languages themselves, rather than artifactual differences due to linguists doing phonemicisation differently. As Larry Hyman (2017:144) puts
it so well, “we aim to typologize the linguistic properties, not the linguists”. Discussion of this kind of typological data preparation is relatively prominent within phonology: see Hyman (2017), van der Hulst (2017), Kiparksy (2018), and of course Ian Maddieson’s
(1984) classic study which treats the issue with great care.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In contrast, Comparative Concepts (CC’s) do not seem to me to address the issue of non-unique analysis, because they don’t seek to characterise languages in their own terms. CC’s, in Haspelmath’s sense, are like cookie-cutters that slice
through languages, picking out a predetermined shape chosen by the analyst (so that we can ask what we find within it); they deliberately don’t carve languages at their joints. Round (2019) does carve languages at their joints, only it admits that there are
many ways to do so, and attempts to choose judiciously among them, given the aim of constructing a dataset that aids insightful comparison and typologising.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Why is this important to many typologists? Because we regard languages as organised systems, and want to understand them as such. A challenge, though, is that complex systems admit of multiple different characterisations. Typological
methods which attend to this challenge of multiple analysis / non-uniqueness seek to ameliorate the distractions and illusions that can be thrown up by different choices of analysis, while still remaining committed to studying the system. CC’s in Haspelmath’s
sense offer the promise of reducing variation in analysis, but at the cost of losing sight of the systems being characterised. Whether that is a cost worth bearing is evidently still a matter of contention in current-day typology.*
<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Erich<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">* Though the growing consensus is, it’s perfectly possible to do good typology without paying it. Bickel 2021, Round & Corbett 2020, Spike 2020 and Himmelmann 2019 all make this point from separate angles.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">New references (other references are in my earlier post, below):<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Bickel, Balthasar. 2021. “Beyond Universals and Particulars in Language: A Reply to Haspelmath (2021).”
<u class=""><span style="color:blue" class=""><a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fling.auf.net%2Flingbuzz%2F005707&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560383676%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=JqB2MIGTCfgKsBgC%2B%2FQH4lmhwcVhZw9RqayxBDLk%2FKM%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005707" shash="uIqG7ZbcIeO6JQpoFyWHJ9+CgSKPFUcDqq36SGqO+pVS0FbOIAw9s9QW0Jn29rJW9DTJMtJbrFeRRnqxX/gg1Rd0hX6uDwznL+FtX4LH1aPVib7rM7XfNzExN9jIPp1g5fcjPOSlx/26nraHKuh0LwKmkrY7FmnZgvDFuSOzgFM=" target="_blank" class="">https://ling.auf.net/lingbuzz/005707</a></span></u>.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Himmelmann, Nikolaus P. 2019. Against trivializing language description (and comparison). Under review.
<br class="">
<a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fifl.phil-fak.uni-koeln.de%2Fprof-himmelmann%2Fpublikationen&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560393670%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=un8wCnTHZGj0F%2BPDgXWo88ae%2FJC4%2Bw%2BYpqBDcZt1C0U%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://ifl.phil-fak.uni-koeln.de/prof-himmelmann/publikationen" shash="MI2qvTzOhb68Sj8K8OLnW48+yxOvRnSbXpnNX6eWA+Ab93Yzympn/wCou15ylHjyxCA60BLKxw3kOrb9ygUe4HmhLmko5Hip1zSZO8kIJ9pmJUKbenzDhPBXW11VZH4ycvXz8GPQNVOFQV5IVa9YJiIMUqritEuseLd9apRI5o4=" target="_blank" class="">https://ifl.phil-fak.uni-koeln.de/prof-himmelmann/publikationen</a><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Maddieson, Ian. 1984. <i class="">Patterns of Sounds</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Spike, Matthew. 2020. “Fifty Shades of Grue: Indeterminate Categories and Induction in and out of the Language Sciences.”
<i class="">Linguistic Typology</i> 24(3):465-488. <a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1515%2Flingty-2020-2061&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560393670%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=SrqnDTDs0sz5MNamS1yQI2hy46RcAJl%2FKViL3FI21P4%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-2061" shash="pr9n050SWtmL8MI1qaZULscnuB4Q5P6SY0j8J+/2wDAOCBhbiqusJ1T+d1nvKkHoeYzLvzyK5ozT4jWPXz+Uz2LbY3Q01UEsu9t5Zq+1VdJ+q2qUXiAoeuWBTf0ukG8vKuvR+yfLI2kBUM6LT7IDwyAm7NqobgxmNA9NOkv9F78=" target="_blank" class="">
https://doi.org/10.1515/lingty-2020-2061</a><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">From: </span>
</b><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
<lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a> on behalf of Martin Haspelmath <a href="mailto:martin_haspelmath@eva.mpg.de" target="_blank" class="">
<martin_haspelmath@eva.mpg.de></a><br class="">
<b class="">Date: </b>Thursday, 4 February 2021 at 11:32 pm<br class="">
<b class="">To: </b><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">"lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"</a>
<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class=""><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br class="">
<b class="">Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] papers on non-uniqueness in tone and stress<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt">It seems that there are at least three different issues here:<br class="">
<br class="">
(i) whether all speakers of a language have the same system even when their conventional behaviour is identical; there happens to be an example of indeterminacy in the latest issue of
<i class="">Phonological Data and Analysis</i> (see Matthew Gordon's earlier message):<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: white; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;" class="">Bennett, W. G., & Braver, A. (2020). Different speakers, different grammars:
Productivity and representation of Xhosa labial palatalization. <i class="">Phonological Data and Analysis</i>, <i class="">2</i>(6), 1–29.
</span><a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.3765%2Fpda.v2art6.9&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560403664%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=uamvKSdbDb2b4NQik1VASa1F9AqeHPp%2FknGEhww7N9E%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://doi.org/10.3765/pda.v2art6.9" shash="s8g/WanJFPcgP+bpWzRVpdHQ1EfA9ruVPOfCpIiBdtbldsYAmu8pnfKJD+UfCdnLhEoA1xCjZcWmG3O//jXF7WlRH/NDqEPUKx94Ls5qufFHsm64a0PVyFK2TcDqTUKBHlbyK46nzHfTZvYb89QA8t2wY0ErQgAkJliFUNfgAJU=" target="_blank" class=""><span style="color:rgb(5,99,193);background:white none repeat scroll 0% 0%" class="">https://doi.org/10.3765/pda.v2art6.9</span></a><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><br class="">
(ii) on what basis one decides between different analyses of a language-particular system; e.g. Schane's (1968) example of English [spin], which can be phonemicized as /sbin/ (with phonetic devoicing of /b/ after sibilant) or /spʰin/ (with phonetic deaspiration
in the same environment).<br class="">
<br class="">
(iii) how one links language-particular phenomena to comparative concepts; Erich Round's paper on “Australian Phonemic Inventories Contributed to PHOIBLE 2.0”
<a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.3464333&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560403664%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=%2BP6A7Jydot%2B3bwWiN5UbZQpk1FyTYJhncA6UKO7TZVw%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464333" shash="Y5i563L7FZfaApPFbzagJwFbBJ7bBavAq60c9p7bQ5UxQ0kYyVJjzY2z9mmOtbXCAe/62Qkb4r0l72hFJjyXiNg95DvPLv7Zt1SWrnReC3K4DOpicn7QI6R+TLZ6jzgtFik51ttzAszCR4oxwFaVmA6voXm2RF/R1WJxtaqZFTg=" target="_blank" class="">
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464333</a> is a clear example of this last type. It seems that the issue in Chácobo that Adam Tallman mentioned ("tone" vs. "stress") also falls in this category.<br class="">
<br class="">
Phonologists do not always distinguish between (ii) and (iii) (particular description vs. general comparison), as pointed out prominently by Lass (1984) and Simpson (1999) (cited by Erich). But Kiparsky (2018) (also cited by Erich) explicitly rejects the distinction
– I have argued against Kiparsky here: <a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdlc.hypotheses.org%2F1817&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560413660%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=3GLxOVHI4kAC1uqeh%2FzO2hBaFl3KKk5DXJ4CqtDQAH0%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://dlc.hypotheses.org/1817" shash="q6bluRH4w5EFsqV1w0Wm1PypblKSAxl2MssjxmieZn2m/2RW6HwIgXYcc3Dndf7/j4Gt6qxi2Scp6vGvXRgIypJPwSQ+0jV+T+Xa1SlJ1itilq2oE0WUv+dhC89TQ7wqtVJyoxhOT55TYLJZWU4/eZBpq6USl6XtC8u+YWiAvd0=" target="_blank" class="">
https://dlc.hypotheses.org/1817</a>.<br class="">
<br class="">
Best,<br class="">
Martin<br class="">
<br class="">
Am 04.02.21 um 13:28 schrieb Erich Round:<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt" class="">
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal">Hi Adam,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">I’ve enjoyed the conversations you’ve sparked here on the list recently, please keep them coming!<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks for raising an important topic. I have some paper suggestions below. I’d start by saying, though, that you might be getting formal phonologists wrong. Generative theorists from the start were well aware of the non-uniqueness problem,
and that’s one reason why they were so keen on metrics to evaluate multiple candidate grammars. Now, that’s not to say it proved to be plain sailing, but there’s a deep appreciation of the problem buried in the theory, even if for practical purposes much
theoretical work (just like much typological work) assumes only one analysis in order to get some other task completed in a finite amount of time. In optimality theory, the notion of Richness of the base is one new-ish incarnation of attempts to deal with
the matter.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Canonical Typology (Corbett 2005, Round and Corbett 2020) provides the conceptual tools for asking not just whether ‘the best analysis’ is A, B or C, but to what extent, in multiple different regards, A, B and C differ and therefore can
be considered (dis)advantageous in different ways. This helps us clarify why and how multiple analyses arise in the first place. My forthcoming chapter (2021) on phonotactics in Australian languages discusses this with respect to complex segments; Kwon & Round
(2015) discuss it with respect to phonaesthemes; my review (2017) of Gordon’s Phonological Typology (2016) discusses the idea of doing typology over a distribution of possible analyses (which I term ‘factorial analysis’) and points out some places where Gordon’s
own work covertly does this when confronted with non-uniqueness. Parncutt (2015) applies the idea to reduplication, and a current PhD student of mine, Ruihua Yin presented some of her fascinating results regarding sonority sequencing at the Australian Linguistics
Society conference in December; her thesis should be finished early this year, and will be a major undertaking in this kind of typology. Round (2019) discusses how I addressed the issue of non-uniqueness when compiling a typologically nuanced set of 400 Australia
phoneme inventories for Phoible. Natalia Kuznetsova’s work (2019) is relevant to prosody and responds to Hyman’s (2006) classic paper. Other serious discussions of the issue from various angles, typically very thoughtful and some quite in-depth are: Hockett
1963, Lass 1984, Simpson 1999, Hyman 2007, 2008, 2017, Dresher 2009, van der Hulst 2017, Kiparksy 2018.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Best,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Erich<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Corbett, Greville G. 2005. “The Canonical Approach in Typology.” In
<i class="">Linguistic Diversity and Language Theories</i>, edited by Zygmunt Frajzyngier, Adam Hodges, and David S Rood, 25–49. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Dresher, B. Elan. 2009. <i class="">
The Contrastive Hierarchy in Phonology</i>. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Gordon, Matthew K. 2016. <i class="">
Phonological Typology</i>. Oxford University Press.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Hockett, Charles F. 1963. “The Problem of Universals in Language.” In
<i class="">Universals of Language</i>, edited by Joseph Greenberg, 1–29.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Hyman, Larry. 2006. “Word-Prosodic Typology.”
<i class="">Phonology</i> 23: 225–57.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Hyman, Larry M. 2007. “Where’s Phonology in Typology?”
<i class="">Linguistic Typology</i> 11: 265–71.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Hyman, Larry M. 2008. “Universals in Phonology.” <i class="">
The Linguistic Review</i> 25: 83–137.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Hyman, Larry M. 2017. “What (Else) Depends on Phonology?” In
<i class="">Dependencies in Language</i>, edited by Nicholas Enfield, 141–58.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Kiparsky, Paul. 2018. “Formal and Empirical Issues in Phonological Typology.” In
<i class="">Phonological Typology</i>, edited by Larry M. Hyman and Frans Plank, 54–106. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Kuznetsova, Natalia. 2019. What Danish and Estonian can show to a modern word-prosodic typology. In Goedemans, R., Heinz, J., & van der Hulst, H. (Eds.). The study of word stress and accent: Theories, methods and
data. CUP.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Kwon, Nahyun, and Erich R. Round. 2015. “Phonaesthemes in Morphological Theory.”
<i class="">Morphology</i> 25 (1): 1–27.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Lass, Roger. 1984. “Vowel System Universals and Typology: Prologue to Theory.”
<i class="">Phonology Yearbook</i> 1: 75–111.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Parncutt, Amy. 2015. “Towards a Phonological Typology of Reduplication in Australian Languages.” Honours Thesis, University of Queensland.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Round, Erich R. 2017. “Review of Gordon, Matthew K. Phonological Typology, OUP 2016.”
<i class="">Folia Linguistica</i> 51 (3): 745–55.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Round, Erich R. 2019. “Australian Phonemic Inventories Contributed to PHOIBLE 2.0: Essential Explanatory Notes.”
<a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.5281%2Fzenodo.3464333&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560413660%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=qt3HFYw%2FZpVw7JL2OKzZM%2Fjox4EGS3VwqQy71U5Hpck%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464333" shash="nBSfkIxGe+TGwXdsMlaJ5yDxOnclQvU5Ok9ks7547ZX9wdsmhPMppSZt+ra0TeMqF6rwYfOhqg0X16qUJ34ao7/9W05bAQQD+5G/jHmlvXAuE532YT5BaHX/I7yiheasy4sJ+MbFKs00KttqIi7gDAqvptnih1NAg/CwVPiIimI=" target="_blank" class="">
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3464333</a>.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Round, Erich R. forthcoming 2021. “Phonotactics.” In
<i class="">Oxford Guide to Australian Languages</i>, edited by Claire Bowern. Oxford: Oxford University Press. DOI: 10.13140/RG.2.2.23022.13120<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Round, Erich R., and Greville G. Corbett. 2020. “Comparability and Measurement in Typological Science: The Bright Future for Linguistics.”
<i class="">Linguistic Typology</i> 24 (3): 489–525.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Simpson, Adrian P. 1999. “Fundamental Problems in Comparative Phonetics and Phonology: Does UPSID Help to Solve Them.” In
<i class="">Proceedings of the 14th International Congress of Phonetic Sciences</i>, 1:349–52. Berkeley: University of California.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left:24pt">Van der Hulst, Harry. 2017. “Phonological Typology.” In
<i class="">The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Typology</i>, edited by Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald and Robert MW Dixon, 39–77. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<div style="border-color:rgb(181,196,223) currentcolor currentcolor;border-style:solid none none;border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0cm 0cm" class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">From: </span>
</b><span style="font-size: 12pt;" class="">Lingtyp <a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
<lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a> on behalf of TALLMAN Adam <a href="mailto:Adam.TALLMAN@cnrs.fr" target="_blank" class="">
<Adam.TALLMAN@cnrs.fr></a><br class="">
<b class="">Date: </b>Thursday, 4 February 2021 at 9:20 pm<br class="">
<b class="">To: </b>VAN DE VELDE Mark <a href="mailto:Mark.VANDEVELDE@cnrs.fr" target="_blank" class="">
<Mark.VANDEVELDE@cnrs.fr></a>, <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
"lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"</a> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
<lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br class="">
<b class="">Subject: </b>Re: [Lingtyp] papers on non-uniqueness in tone and stress</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">Thanks, yes, I've read this paper.</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">Adam</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">Adam James Ross Tallman (PhD, UT Austin)</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: white; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;" class="">ELDP-SOAS -- Postdoctorant<br class="">
CNRS -- Dynamique Du Langage (UMR 5596)<br class="">
Bureau 207, 14 av. Berthelot, Lyon (07)</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: white; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;" class="">Numero celular en bolivia:
+59163116867</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:center" align="center">
<hr width="100%" size="0" align="center" class="">
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<div id="gmail-m_6355197927983876291divRpF862855" class="">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><b class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class="">De :</span></b><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> Lingtyp [<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>]
de la part de Mark Van de Velde [<a href="mailto:mark.vandevelde@cnrs.fr" target="_blank" class="">mark.vandevelde@cnrs.fr</a>]<br class="">
<b class="">Envoyé :</b> jeudi 4 février 2021 11:57<br class="">
<b class="">À :</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank" class="">
lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br class="">
<b class="">Objet :</b> Re: [Lingtyp] papers on non-uniqueness in tone and stress</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="">Dear Adam:<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="">I can recommend Hyman (2012).<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="">All the best,<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="">Mark<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class="">Hyman, Larry M. 2012. In defense of prosodic typology: A response to Beckman and Venditti.
<i class="">Linguistic Typology</i>. De Gruyter Mouton 16(3). 341–385. <a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1515%2Flity-2012-0014&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560423653%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=z8ksfByZwdJv%2BlV%2BFn%2BLKPJo%2BB5U5g2cNdkgyXnkFk8%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://doi.org/10.1515/lity-2012-0014" shash="Il1h3tSuTfySNF/XL+/jdhVyFg6yd1WnPF0GBhhZIu/BKP6u89cqgJ9smVsTMPjiH+4y+aEuWo0Zeq9+CPZA0ejXEVtnPCrgxwe1PuEIMvFlPsNm6D56JueJU/QEKWYs+H8oPaXOveGzSN62lzA9pdFNuOiPds7cPxg1RZJoSxE=" target="_blank" class="">
https://doi.org/10.1515/lity-2012-0014</a>.<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class=""> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<p class=""> <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal">On 04/02/2021 11:12, TALLMAN Adam wrote:<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-top:5pt;margin-bottom:5pt" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">Hello all,</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">I'm looking for papers on the notion of non-uniqueness in phonology (or morphosyntax if applicable). I have three so far (Chao, Hockett, and Schane).</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">I'm particularly interesting in non-uniqueness in the domain of the description of suprasegmentals - like when we have a system that seems to mix tone and (other
types of) prominence whether the system should be described as tonal with a stress mapped to it or vice versa. Phonologists discuss the issue as if there is an obvious unique best way of describing such relations in all cases. But I think that's probably false
and it choosing one over the other just amounts to an expositional decision - some of the discussion in Tallman and Elias-Ulloa (2020) point in this direction in Chácobo.</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">There's also the related issue of
<b class=""><i class="">when</i></b> the acoustic correlates of some phonological category are organized in such a way as to genuinely merit the designation "tone". Phonologists seem to assume that this issue is trivial or obvious - again, I think this is probably
false (the notion is more open ended than is recognized) regardless of the phonological evidence that can be rallied in support of one position or another.</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">@Article{chao:1934:phonemes,<br class="">
title = {The non-uniqueness of phonemic solutions of phonetic systems},<br class="">
author = {Yuen Ren Chao},<br class="">
journal = {Bulletin of the Institute of History and Philology, Academia Sinica},<br class="">
year = {1934},<br class="">
volume = {4},<br class="">
number = {},<br class="">
pages = {363-397},<br class="">
%doi = {},<br class="">
%urldate = {},<br class="">
}</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">@incollection{hockett:1963:universals,<br class="">
Author = {Charles F. Hockett},<br class="">
Booktitle = {Universals of language (Volume 2)}, <br class="">
Editor = {Joseph H. Greenberg},<br class="">
Pages = {1-29},<br class="">
Publisher = {MIT Press},<br class="">
Address = {Cambridge, MA},<br class="">
Title = {The problem of universals in language},<br class="">
Year = {1963},<br class="">
Edition = {}}</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">@Article{schane:1968:nonuniqueness,<br class="">
title = {On the non-uniqueness of phonological representations},<br class="">
author = {Sanford A. Schane},<br class="">
journal = {Language},<br class="">
year = {1968},<br class="">
volume = {44},<br class="">
number = {4},<br class="">
pages = {363-397},<br class="">
%doi = {},<br class="">
%urldate = {},<br class="">
}</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">@Article{tallman:eliasulloa:2020:acoustics,<br class="">
title = {The acoustic correlates of stress and tone in Chácobo (Pano)},<br class="">
author = {Adam J.R. Tallman},<br class="">
journal = {The acoustic correlates of stress and tone in Chácobo (Pano): A production study},<br class="">
editor = {Adam J.R. Tallman and José Élias-Ulloa},<br class="">
year = {2020},<br class="">
volume = {147},<br class="">
number = {4},<br class="">
pages = {3028},<br class="">
doi = {<a href="https://eur02.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fdoi.org%2F10.1121%2F10.0001014&data=04%7C01%7Cg.corbett%40surrey.ac.uk%7C1a7e51df36c2400423ee08d8ca7b6113%7C6b902693107440aa9e21d89446a2ebb5%7C0%7C0%7C637481978560423653%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=gHKaGfHSHWeB5cM7C10SSRnggiiO04frFPxN%2FZJP3lA%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001014" shash="LM8ejGK21ol2ZZR67Cug/tOd1/jN+CTzKqUkBaYfaJoHCLROrvREJfyOWO0E8rET3J6qKzafa9Hu8tgjwdwEE47suEocIsmk9vBUz2gYneM1SVfLqc0NQuSXWdv8w/6VudD5xVOOUVQvjsGa1IfsubnBAVC5UYaIBEKBsTV6MnI=" target="_blank" class="">https://doi.org/10.1121/10.0001014</a>},<br class="">
%urldate = {2019-07-04},<br class="">
}</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">Adam</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Tahoma, sans-serif;" class=""> </span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif;" class="">Adam James Ross Tallman (PhD, UT Austin)</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: white; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;" class="">ELDP-SOAS -- Postdoctorant<br class="">
CNRS -- Dynamique Du Langage (UMR 5596)<br class="">
Bureau 207, 14 av. Berthelot, Lyon (07)</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
</div>
<div class="">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Verdana, sans-serif; background-image: none; background-attachment: scroll; background-color: white; background-position: 0% 0%; background-repeat: repeat repeat;" class="">Numero celular en bolivia:
+59163116867</span><u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><u class=""></u> <u class=""></u></p>
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<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></p>
<pre class="">-- <u class=""></u><u class=""></u></pre>
<pre class="">Martin Haspelmath<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></pre>
<pre class="">Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></pre>
<pre class="">Deutscher Platz 6<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></pre>
<pre class="">D-04103 Leipzig<u class=""></u><u class=""></u></pre>
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<br class="">
<pre cols="72" class="">--
Martin Haspelmath
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6
D-04103 Leipzig
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<div dir="ltr" class=""><font face="times new roman, serif" class="">Adam J.R. Tallman</font></div>
<div dir="ltr" class=""><font face="times new roman, serif" class="">PhD, University of Texas at Austin<br class="">
</font>
<div class=""><font face="times new roman, serif" class="">Investigador del Museo de Etnografía y Folklore, la Paz<br class="">
</font>
<div class=""><font face="times new roman, serif" class=""><font style="" class=""><font class="">ELDP -- </font>Postdoctorante<br class="">
</font><font style="" class=""><font class="">CNRS -- </font>Dynamique Du Langage (UMR 5596)</font></font><br class="">
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