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<div dir="auto">Dear typologists,<br>
<br>
I wonder if you are aware of any language whose passive construction marks both the agent and the verb.<br>
For example, in Mandarin, the agent receives the passive marker <em>bei.</em><br>
<br>
(1) Zhangsan bei-Lisi da-le.<br>
Zhangsan PASS-Lisi hit-PRF<br>
`Zhangsan was hit by Lisi.'<br>
<br>
When the agent is omitted, the verb receives <em>bei</em>.<br>
<br>
(2) Zhangsan bei-da-le.<br>
Zhangsan PASS-hit-PRF<br>
`Zhangsan was hit.'<br>
<br>
But, in some occasions, both the agent and the verb receive <em>bei</em>:<br>
<br>
(3) Zhangsan bei-Lisi bei-da-le.<br>
Zhangsan PASS-Lisi PASS-hit-PRF<br>
`Zhangsan was hit by Lisi.'<br>
<br>
Are you aware of any other language where a construction like (3) is possible?<br>
The only one I am aware of at the moment is Vietnamese.<br>
I would greatly appreciate any help.</div>
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Regards,
<div dir="auto">Ian</div>
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