<html><head></head><body><div class="ydp5354c40fyahoo-style-wrap" style="font-size: 16px; font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;"><div style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;"></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;">A better example in Mandarin may be:</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><div style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Zhangsan bei-Lisi gei-da-le.</span><br style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">Zhangsan PASS-Lisi PASS-hit-PRF</span><br style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;"><span style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif;">`Zhangsan was hit by Lisi.'</span></div><div style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;">'bei' is etymologically related to 'suffer' while‘给’ to 'give'.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;">In fact, </div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;"><span><span style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Zhangsan bei-(Lisi) da-le.</span></span><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><font color="#26282a" face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">can also change to</font></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><font color="#26282a" face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><span style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">Zhangsan gei-(Lisi） da-le.</span></span><br></font></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><font color="#26282a" face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><span><span style="color: rgb(38, 40, 42); font-family: Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br></span></span></font></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><font color="#26282a" face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif">Furthermore, in Shanghainese, the PASS is a morpheme homophonic to the morpheme for 'give'.</font></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><font color="#26282a" face="Helvetica Neue, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif"><br></font></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="">regards,<br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;">Bingfu Lu</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;">Beijing Language University</div><br></div><div style="font-family: courier new, courier, monaco, monospace, sans-serif;"><br></div>
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On Sunday, February 28, 2021, 10:26:36 PM GMT+8, JOO, Ian [Student] <ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk> wrote:
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<div>Dear typologists,<br>
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I wonder if you are aware of any language whose passive construction marks both the agent and the verb.<br>
For example, in Mandarin, the agent receives the passive marker <em>bei.</em><br>
<br>
(1) Zhangsan bei-Lisi da-le.<br>
Zhangsan PASS-Lisi hit-PRF<br>
`Zhangsan was hit by Lisi.'<br>
<br>
When the agent is omitted, the verb receives <em>bei</em>.<br>
<br>
(2) Zhangsan bei-da-le.<br>
Zhangsan PASS-hit-PRF<br>
`Zhangsan was hit.'<br>
<br>
But, in some occasions, both the agent and the verb receive <em>bei</em>:<br>
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(3) Zhangsan bei-Lisi bei-da-le.<br>
Zhangsan PASS-Lisi PASS-hit-PRF<br>
`Zhangsan was hit by Lisi.'<br>
<br>
Are you aware of any other language where a construction like (3) is possible?<br>
The only one I am aware of at the moment is Vietnamese.<br>
I would greatly appreciate any help.</div>
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Regards,
<div>Ian</div>
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