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<p>Dear all,</p>
<p>I would like to support this point, that "left" and "right" can
be lexicalized toponyms. There is the distinction of "Left-bank
Ukraine" (<span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family:
sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-style: normal;
font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal;
font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none;
white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial; display: inline
!important; float: none;">Лівобережна Україна)</span> and "Right<span
style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal;
orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform:
none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">-bank Ukraine"
(Правобережна Україна), where "left" means the western bank and
"right" the eastern. These terms have been in use since the 17th
century.</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal;
orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform:
none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Best wishes</span></p>
<p><span style="color: rgb(32, 33, 34); font-family: sans-serif;
font-size: 14px; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures:
normal; font-variant-caps: normal; letter-spacing: normal;
orphans: 2; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform:
none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; background-color: rgb(255, 255,
255); text-decoration-thickness: initial; text-decoration-style:
initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">Tilman<br>
</span></p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 05.03.21 um 11:05 schrieb David Gil:<br>
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cite="mid:1e819a1d-39e8-93b1-3006-287224f651ad@shh.mpg.de">
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<p>Dear all,</p>
<p>Relative terms making reference to "left" or "right" may also
be lexicalized to form toponyms. For example, the country name
Yemen is actually a lexicalization of the Arabic word for
"right", drawing upon an canonical orientation facing the rising
sun to the east.</p>
<p>David</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 05/03/2021 10:36, Dmitry Nikolaev
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAHMCzMAP9UTwH90w6z8khBpMcRq7pn8uLmZ_xxbfRKRbUnSdjg@mail.gmail.com">
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<div dir="ltr">
<div>Dear Juergen,</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>I don't know what level of conventionalisation you are
looking for, but speakers of Russian, at least those who
grew up in large cities, tend in general to avoid using
geocentric terms and feel uncomfortable using them, and if
it is at all possible to say "The lake is to the right of
the hill", I would personally do so. A quick googling showed
that this phraseology is quite frequent in route
descriptions, and this YouTube video literally advertises a
plot of land "to the left of lake Veselovka".<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>My best,</div>
<div>Dmitry<br>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, 5 Mar 2021 at 07:26,
Bohnemeyer, Juergen <<a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu"
moz-do-not-send="true">jb77@buffalo.edu</a>> wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">Dear all — I’d like to
solicit your help with a generalization. I’m wondering
whether anybody is aware of a counterexample:<br>
<br>
It is well known that there are communities whose members
regularly use geocentric terms in reference to the speaker’s
own body, as in <br>
<br>
(1) ‘My western/downhill arm hurts’. <br>
<br>
E.g., Laughren (1978) mentions this phenomenon in reference
to Warlpiri. Levinson (2003: 4) notes that the practice
exists among speakers of Guugu Yimithirr (Pama-Nyungan,
Queensland). Haun & Rapold (2011) present an
experimental study of the practice with speakers of ≠Akhoe
Hai||om (Khoekhoe, Namibia).<br>
<br>
Now, I’m interested in what you might consider something of
an inverse of this kind of use: the use of relative frames
at the geographic scale, as in<br>
<br>
(2) ‘The lake is to the right of the hill’<br>
<br>
My generalization is that there doesn’t seem to be any
community in which the type of use exemplified by (2) is
conventional.<br>
<br>
That is to say, of course we can easily imagine situations
in which English speakers might exchange something like (2):<br>
<br>
* A speaker looking at the lake and hill might use (2) to
describe what she sees to an interlocutor who doesn’t have
visual access to the scene. The speaker might use relative
language in this case in order to produce a vivid image of
the scene as it presents itself to her. <br>
<br>
* A speaker looking at representations of the hill and lake
on a map might use (2) metonymically. <br>
<br>
However, I’m unaware of a community in which something like
(2) would be a conventional way of locating landscape
entities with respect to one another in the absence of
visual access to (representations of) them. <br>
<br>
(One could argue that (2) is pragmatically semi-infelicitous
in such a context since the truth of (2) depends on the
location of the observer, which is usually more variable
than that of the hill and lake. However, even though the
truth of (1) similarly changes with the speaker’s
orientation, it is presumed to be an entrenched strategy for
this context in several cultures. My interest is partly in
this asymmetry.)<br>
<br>
I’m curious whether people are aware of counterexamples. <br>
<br>
Thanks! — Juergen<br>
<br>
Haun, D. M. B. & C. J. Rapold. (2011). Variation in
memory for body movements across cultures. Current Biology
19(23): R1068-1069.<br>
<br>
Laughren,M. (1978). Directional terminology in Warlpiri. in
Th. Le and M. McCausland (eds.), Working papers in language
and linguistics, 8: 1–16. Launceston: Tasmanian College of
Advanced Education.<br>
<br>
Levinson, S. C. (2003). Space in language and cognition.
Cambridge: CUP.<br>
<br>
-- <br>
Juergen Bohnemeyer (He/Him)<br>
Professor, Department of Linguistics<br>
University at Buffalo <br>
<br>
Office: 642 Baldy Hall, UB North Campus<br>
Mailing address: 609 Baldy Hall, Buffalo, NY 14260 <br>
Phone: (716) 645 0127 <br>
Fax: (716) 645 3825<br>
Email: <a href="mailto:jb77@buffalo.edu" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">jb77@buffalo.edu</a><br>
Web: <a href="http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/"
rel="noreferrer" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">http://www.acsu.buffalo.edu/~jb77/</a>
<br>
<br>
Office hours will be held by Zoom. Email me to schedule a
call at any time. I will in addition hold Tu/Th 4-5pm open
specifically for remote office hours.<br>
<br>
There’s A Crack In Everything - That’s How The Light Gets In
<br>
(Leonard Cohen) <br>
<br>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de" moz-do-not-send="true">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091</pre>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Tilman Berger
Slavisches Seminar
Universitaet Tuebingen
Wilhelmstr. 50
D-72074 Tuebingen
E-Mail: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:tberger@uni-tuebingen.de">tberger@uni-tuebingen.de</a>
Homepage: <a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://uni-tuebingen.de/de/135724">https://uni-tuebingen.de/de/135724</a></pre>
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