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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">As regards rich local case systems, my
original source was:</div>
<blockquote>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Austerlitz, Robert 1980, "Typology
and universals on a Eurasian east-west continuum."
Brettschneider, Gunter & Lehmann, Christian (eds.), <i>Wege
zur Universalienforschung. Sprachwissenschaftliche Beiträge
zum 60. Geburtstag von Hansjakob Seiler.</i> Tübingen: G. Narr
(Tübinger Beiträge zur Linguistik, 145); 235-244.</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Austerlitz says the richest case system
"in the Eurasian belt" is the Permiak one. However, not being a
specialist on this, I have no intention to argue about it.<br>
</div>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
</div>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Cabecar works like those languages
which I mentioned in my original question, combining the NP with a
form which specifies the spatial region and then leaves the
specification of the local relation to other components of the
clause, including some elementary postpositions which may end the
phrase. The form designating the spatial region may be a
relational noun or a postposition (grammaticalized from a region
noun). For the superior region, there are even two:</div>
<ul>
<li>postposition <i>kí̱</i> 'on', grammaticalized from a region
noun meaning 'surface'</li>
<li>region noun <i>tsá̱</i>
<style type="text/css">p { direction: ltr; color: #000000; line-height: 110%; text-align: justify; orphans: 2; widows: 2; background: transparent }p.western { font-family: "Cambria", serif; font-size: 12pt; so-language: en-US }p.cjk { font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; so-language: de-DE }p.ctl { font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; so-language: ar-SA }a:visited { color: #800080; text-decoration: underline }a:link { color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline }a.sdfootnotesym-western { color: #000000; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; so-language: en-US; font-weight: normal }a.sdfootnotesym-cjk { color: #000000 }a.sdfootnotesym-ctl { color: #000000; font-family: "Times New Roman", serif }</style>
'top', grammaticalized from body-part noun 'head'.</li>
</ul>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">These two are essentially synonymous in
the literal local sense. The former has many more abstract senses,
too.<br>
</div>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix"><br>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 27.03.21 um 15:30 schrieb Jussi
Ylikoski:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:AM0PR0502MB3876F225C1409D8929ADD59089609@AM0PR0502MB3876.eurprd05.prod.outlook.com">
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<p class="MsoNormal"
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New Roman", serif">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI">Dear all,<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI">I feel I ought to change the subject line, but
won't do that since the substance of my question is related
to and inspired by the one discussed in this thread.<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI">To shortly comment on Christian's original query,
I'd like to point out that there are actually not that many
Uralic languages with a rich local case systems - instead,
they are found in Hungarian and the Finnic branch of the
family (including Finnish and Estonian), but barely in the
seven less know branches of Uralic (certain dialects of
Permic languages being the exception). Even then, only
"external" and "vicinal" (Gilles' superlocative and
apudlocative) series exist, whereas the "internal" local
cases can be regarded as unmarked default local cases.
Instead, languages of Caucasus are those that
</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman"">display
</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI">truly
</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman"">rich local case</span><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI"> systems, as
far as they can be regarded as case systems (Comrie &
Polinsky 1998).<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI">My own
question today: While many "Super", "superlocative" or 'top'
cases can indeed be found in Uralic and in the languages of
Caucasus (Ossetic (Indo-European) included), are there any
other corners of the world with such specialized cases? In
other words, I'm looking for morphological case distinctions
as seen in the following Finnish word pairs:<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI">lipasto-ssa</span></i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI"> 'in the
drawer' vs. <i>lipasto-lla</i> 'on the drawer'<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI">tule-ssa</span></i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI"> 'in the
fire' vs. <i>tule-lla</i> 'on the fire'<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif">
<i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI">mere-ssä</span></i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman";mso-ansi-language:FI" lang="FI"> 'in the
sea' vs. <i>mere-llä</i> 'on the sea'<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif;mso-prop-change:"Jussi
Ylikoski" 20210327T1558">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif;mso-prop-change:"Jussi
Ylikoski" 20210327T1558">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI">I'd be happy to locate similar morphological
distinctions outside the Uralic family and the Causasus
region.<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif;mso-prop-change:"Jussi
Ylikoski" 20210327T1558">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif;mso-prop-change:"Jussi
Ylikoski" 20210327T1558">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI">Best regards,<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif;mso-prop-change:"Jussi
Ylikoski" 20210327T1558">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin:0cm;line-height:115%;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times
New Roman", serif;mso-prop-change:"Jussi
Ylikoski" 20210327T1558">
<span
style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma",sans-serif;mso-ansi-language:FI"
lang="FI">Jussi<o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</blockquote>
<br>
<div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
<p style="font-size:90%">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></p>
<table style="font-size:80%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Tel.:</td>
<td>+49/361/2113417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>E-Post:</td>
<td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:christianw_lehmann@arcor.de">christianw_lehmann@arcor.de</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Web:</td>
<td><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="https://www.christianlehmann.eu">https://www.christianlehmann.eu</a></td>
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