<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<style type="text/css" style="display:none;"> P {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;} </style>
</head>
<body dir="ltr">
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
Dear all,</div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Here are several more examples from northern Maluku and northwest New Guinea, the region where Papuan Malay and Ambel are spoken:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><span style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><b style=""><u>Ternate Malay</u> </b>(Austronesian > Malayic; Litamahuputty 2012: 175)</span>
<div style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">“The word<span> </span><i>sampe </i>‘arrive[/until]’ may serve to express an evaluative meaning. In this function,<span> </span><i>sampe </i>occurs at the end of a clause and is often uttered in a
specific rising intonation pattern and with lengthening of the final vowel.”</div>
<div style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)"><br>
</div>
<div style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<table width="" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-collapse:collapse">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="width:29px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
(1)</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
eh,</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
tong</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
lari</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
sampe!</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
EXCL</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
1PL</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
run</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
arrive[/until]</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
<span style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">'Wow, we ran for our lives!'</span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><u><b>Tidore</b></u> (North Halmahera; van Staden 2000: 230-1)</div>
<div>“Degree and intensity can be expressed by… the addition of the phrase <i>sado</i>... ‘until’ or
<i>sodo foo</i>... ‘until ?we’ with a non-final intonation contour. This latter construction type indicates that something occurs ‘without limits’.”</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<table cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" style="border-collapse: collapse;" width="">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<td style="width: 29px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
(2)</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
mina</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
mo-reke</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); height: 20px;">
sodo</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
foo...</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<td style="border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
<br>
</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
3SG.F</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
3SG.F-cry</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
until</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
?1PL.INC.A</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255);">
<td style="border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171);">
<br>
</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); height: 17px;" colspan="4">
<span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">[LA translation]: ‘She cried on and on.’</span><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><u><b>Ternate</b></u> (North Halmahera; Hayami-Allen 2001:77)</div>
<div>“This preposition [<i>sigado</i>/<i>sido</i>/<i>sado</i>] means ‘till, until’… This also occurs in the clause-final position and expresses the speaker’s opinion that something has reached the point that is too much. It is common that the last vowel of
<i>sido</i>/<i>sado</i> is pronounced long sentence-finally to express the disapproving attitude of the speaker.”</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<table width="" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-collapse:collapse">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="width:29px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
(3)</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
rehe</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
cum</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
sado</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); height: 13px;">
flesh</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
hurt</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
till</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)" colspan="3">
<span style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">‘(My) muscle hurts very much.’</span></span><br>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div></div>
<div><b style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: ;"><u><br>
</u></b></div>
<div><b style="color: inherit; font-family: inherit; font-size: inherit; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; background-color: ;"><u>Biak</u></b> (Austronesian > SHWNG; van den Heuvel 2006: 408)<br>
</div>
<div>“In clause-final position, this lengthened<i> rao: </i>[‘until’] may function as an intensifying adverb.”</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<table width="" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-collapse:collapse">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="width:29px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
(4)</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
rofan</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
an-ya</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
irík</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
rao:</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
dog</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
GIV-3SG.SPC</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
bleed.3SG</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
until</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td colspan="4" style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
'The dog bled on and on.'</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><b><u>Wooi</u></b> (Austronesian > SHWNG; Sawaki 2017) </div>
<div>The form <i>k(a)ira</i> is glossed as ‘until’ when prepositional, and ‘very’ when clause-final:</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<table width="" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-collapse:collapse">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="width:29px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
(5)</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
hay</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
kira</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
raria</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171);height:13px">
cry.1SG</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
until</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
noon</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td colspan="3" style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
<span style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important"><span style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">‘I cried until noon.’</span></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>
<table width="" style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);border-collapse:collapse">
<tbody>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="width:29px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
(6)</td>
<td style="width: 100px; border-width: 1px; border-style: solid; border-color: rgb(171, 171, 171); height: 21px;">
kehiow</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
kira</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171);height:13px">
angry.3SG</td>
<td style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
very</td>
</tr>
<tr style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">
<td style="border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)"><br>
</td>
<td colspan="2" style="width:100px;border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-color:rgb(171, 171, 171)">
<span style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important"><span style="margin:0px;background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">‘He is very angry.’</span></span></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>All the best,</div>
<div>Laura</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Hayami-Allen, Rika, 2001. <i>A descriptive study of the language of Ternate, the northern Moluccas, Indonesia</i>. PhD thesis, University of Pittsburg.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>van den Heuvel, Wilco, 2006. <i>Biak: Description of an Austronesian language of Papua</i>. Utrecht: LOT.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Litamahuputty, Betty, 2012. <i>Ternate Malay: Grammar and texts</i>. Utrecht: LOT.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Sawaki, Yusuf, 2017. <i>A grammar of Wooi: An Austronesian language of Yapen Island, Western New Guinea</i>. PhD thesis, Australian National University.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">van Staden, Miriam, 2000.<span> </span></span><i style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255)">Tidore: A linguistic description of a language of the North Moluccas</i><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255);display:inline !important">.
PhD thesis, Leiden University.</span><br>
</div>
<br>
</div>
<div id="appendonsend"></div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Guillaume Segerer <guillaume.segerer@cnrs.fr><br>
<b>Sent:</b> 12 April 2021 08:57<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Query: Elided Intensification</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div style="background-color:#fff2e6; border:2px dotted #ff884d"><span style="font-size:12pt; font-family:sans-serif; color:black; font-weight:bold; padding:.2em">This email was sent to you by someone outside the University.</span>
<div style="font-size:10pt; font-family:sans-serif; font-style:normal; padding:.2em">
You should only click on links or attachments if you are certain that the email is genuine and the content is safe.</div>
</div>
<div>Dear all<br>
<br>
In Joola (Niger-Congo, Atlantic, Keeraak variety), <b><i>nɔɔn</i></b> means 'as' or 'like', as in the following examples :<br>
<br>
<i>dɔmɔ fʊtɛm <b>nɔɔn</b> wah warɛɛmɛ</i><br>
COP.IMPERS smell.IMPERF 'as' thing has-burnt<br>
'it smells as if something has burnt' (French: 'ça sent comme si quelque chose avait brûlé')<br>
<br>
<i>hʊkɛn ɩnjɛ ɩ-cɔkɔm barɛ i-sim <b>nɔɔn</b> ɛbɔɔs<br>
</i>yesterday I 1sg-wound.PERF but 1sg-bleed 'like' cow<br>
'Yesterday I got wounded and I bleeded like a cow' (French 'hier je me suis blessé et j'ai saigné comme une vache')<br>
<br>
It may also be used as an intensifier :<br>
<br>
<i>sɩnaŋas si-suum-e <b>nɔɔn</b></i><br>
cooked_rice AGR-be.good-PERF <i><b>nɔɔn</b></i><br>
'the rice is very good'<br>
<br>
<i>na-cab-ɛ nɔɔn ɛɬakɛnay</i><br>
3sg-do.quickly-PERF <i><b>nɔɔn</b></i> INF.cook<br>
He did the cooking very quickly<br>
<br>
<i>nʊ-ŋəmi-e <b>nɔɔn</b> jabajɔɔraj jala di baɲɩɩlab</i><br>
2sg-love-PERF <i><b>nɔɔn</b></i> INF.scold of at children<br>
'you really love to scold children'<br>
<br>
In Joola, qualities are mostly expressed by verbs. As can be seen in the above examples,
<i><b>nɔɔn</b></i> always appears after verbs, and I have no counterexample (but the number of examples is not that high...). These constructions may be considered as 'elided', since they may often (always ?) be completed by the word
<i><b>bəjəəm</b></i>, for which none of my consultants could provide a translation... (this reminds me of the French expression 'comme tout' in 'il est gentil comme tout') :<br>
<i>suum-e <b>nɔɔn</b> ~ suum-e <b>nɔɔn bəjəəm</b></i><br>
IMPERS.be.good-PERF <i><b>nɔɔn</b></i> ~ IMPERS.be.good-PERF <i>as</i> ????<br>
'it is very good'<br>
<br>
Unfortunately, my knowledge of the language does not allow me to be more precise. I still hope this may help.<br>
<br>
Guillaume<br>
<br>
<br>
<div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">Le 12/04/2021 à 00:35, David Gil a écrit :<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<p>Thanks to those who have responded to my query so far, either to me personally or on the list.</p>
<p>I'd like to clarify what I had in mind by "elided" or "incomplete". I am using these terms grammatically / semantically, to express the intuition that there's something missing after the intensifier, given that forms such as Papuan Malay
<i>sampe</i> and (Australian) English <i>as</i> usually occur in construction with another, following expression (or "complement").</p>
<p>I was not implying that the construction in question should "sound incomplete" (to use Ilana's words below). But it's interesting that she characterizes the Australian English
<i>as</i> construction as being associated with a "particular intonation", since the same is true also for the Papuan Malay construction with
<i>sampe</i>. Though the specifics of the intonation contour seem to differ (in Papuan Malay, the peak of the contour falls on the preceding word, while the intensifier
<i>sampe</i> is associated with low pitch, sounding like an afterthought).</p>
<p>David</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<div class="x_moz-cite-prefix">On 12/04/2021 00:58, Ilana Mushin wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">I can also confirm ‘sweet as’ in Australian English. I’ve seen it on advertising billboards. I think the construction ‘X as’ can be somewhat productive - eg I’ve certainly heard ‘dumb as’. There is a particular intonation that goes
with the construction - the ‘as’ is lengthened and has a rise-fall contour so it doesn’t sound incomplete (this is impressionistic - someone may have a better idea of the prosody than me).
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Ilana<br>
<br>
<div dir="ltr">
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span>Associate Professor Ilana Mushin</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span>Reader in Linguistics</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span>President, Australian Linguistic Society</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span><img id="x_Picture_x0020_1" alt="/var/folders/lv/m77kqy0n4x1_rcd3pk0j2n900000gq/T/com.microsoft.Outlook/WebArchiveCopyPasteTempFiles/il.pb.png" width="58" height="78" data-outlook-trace="F:0|T:1" src="cid:image001.png@01D66B4B.271B7B40">Co-Editor, <i>Interactional
Linguistics</i> (<a href="https://benjamins.com/catalog/il">https://benjamins.com/catalog/il</a>) </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span><span lang="EN-US">School of Languages and Cultures</span></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span><span lang="EN-US">University of Queensland</span></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span><span lang="EN-US">St Lucia, QLD 4072.</span></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span>Ph: <a href="tel:(07)%203365%206810" dir="ltr">(07) 3365 6810</a></span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span>CRICOS Provider No: 00025B</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<div>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><b>I acknowledge the Jagera and Turrbal peoples on whose land I live and work. Their sovereignty was never ceded.</b></p>
</div>
</div>
<div dir="ltr"><br>
<blockquote type="cite">On 12 Apr 2021, at 5:27 am, David Gil <a class="x_moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">
<gil@shh.mpg.de></a> wrote:<br>
<br>
</blockquote>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite">
<div dir="ltr">
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Dear all,<br>
</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><br>
</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I'm interested in exploring the properties and geographical distribution of a novel (well, to me at least) construction type which might be termed "Elided Intensification'.<span>
</span>I'll explain with an example.<span> </span>In Papuan Malay, property-denoting and some other words may be intensified by the addition of
<i>sampe</i>, a word whose other, more basic functions, include 'arrive' and 'until', e.g.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">(1) <span> </span>Enak sampe</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>nice SAMPE</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><span> </span>'Very nice.'</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">My informal "interpretation" of this construction is that it involves, or at least originated in, some kind of understood expression such as "nice arriving (at complete fulfillment)", or "nice until (completion)".<span>
</span>As Papuan Malay is largely head-initial, it kind of feels like something is missing after the word
<i>sampe</i>.<span> </span>(In Malay/Indonesian, this construction seems to be restricted geographically to the north coast of New Guinea and possibly also Northern Maluku; elsewhere it is absent.)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">So far, I am familiar with two other potential cases of Elided Intensification.<span>
</span>The first is from Ambel, an Austronesian language spoken in the Raja Ampat archipelago of the northwest coast of New Guinea, in a region where Papuan Malay is also spoken.<span>
</span>As described by Arnold (2018:145, pers comm), <i>aya</i> 'until' is used in a construction closely resembling that in (1):</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span>(2) <span> </span>Anlómo aya </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span><span> </span>bleed.3SG.INAN AYA </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span><span> </span>‘It bled a lot.’</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span>Arnold, Laura. 2018.<span> </span><i>A Grammar of Ambel, An Austronesian Language of West New Guinea</i>. PhD Dissertation.<span>
</span>Edinburgh: University of Edinburgh.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">The second example, which I just came across, and which prompted this query, is Australian English.<span>
</span>In the Wikipedia entry for Australian English, in a paragraph which deals with the infensification of adjectives, the following rather tantalizing passage occurs:</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span>"In informal speech, incomplete comparisons are sometimes used, such as "sweet as" (as in "That car is sweet as.")."</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span>So here it's comparative 'as' rather than 'arrive'/'until' that comes after the word being intensified, but still, all these cases seem to involve intensification with the elision of some kind of argument associated with the property
word and denoting an extreme extent of the property in question.</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">My questions:</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">1.<span> </span>Could speakers of Australian English please confirm the existence of this construction, and comment on it.<span>
</span>Does it occur in other varieties of English?<span> </span>(It was certainly completely new to me!)</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">2.<span> </span>Is anybody familiar with possible cases of Elided Intensification in other languages, in Australia, New Guinea or elsewhere?<span>
</span>On the flimsy basis of three examples, it looks like an Australian / New Guinea areal feature: is this the case?<span>
</span>For the Australia / New Guinea region I'd also appreciate negative data, of the form "no, my language definitely doesn't do this".</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">3.<span> </span>Any further comments and suggestions ...</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Thanks,</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">David</span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p class="x_MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"> </span></p>
<p></p>
<pre class="x_moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091</pre>
<span>_______________________________________________</span><br>
<span>Lingtyp mailing list</span><br>
<span><a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a></span><br>
<span><a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></span><br>
</div>
</blockquote>
</div>
</blockquote>
<pre class="x_moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History
Kahlaische Strasse 10, 07745 Jena, Germany
Email: <a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091</pre>
<br>
<fieldset class="x_mimeAttachmentHeader"></fieldset>
<pre class="x_moz-quote-pre">_______________________________________________
Lingtyp mailing list
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>
<a class="x_moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<br>
</div>
</div>
The University of Edinburgh is a charitable body, registered in Scotland, with registration number SC005336. Is e buidheann carthannais a th’ ann an Oilthigh Dhùn Èideann, clàraichte an Alba, àireamh clàraidh SC005336.
</body>
</html>