<div dir="ltr">I agree with Bill: "anaphora" does not refer only to "pronouns" or "pro-forms". In a sentence such as <i>The jury found him guilty and the verdict shocked him deeply</i> 'the verdict' refers anaphorically (= looking backwards) to what has been said in the first coordinated sentence. On the contrary, <i>The verdict of the jury was: he is guilty </i>. 'the verdict' is in cataphoric (=looking forwards) position.<div>I think that if we consider anaphora and cataphora together, we can get a better understanding of both.</div><div><br></div><div>Paolo<br clear="all"><div><div dir="ltr" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><br></div></div></div></div></div></div><br><div id="m_6276747821525630817m_2116705858491049862DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2"><br> <table style="border-top:1px solid #d3d4de">
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<a href="#m_6276747821525630817_m_2116705858491049862_DAB4FAD8-2DD7-40BB-A1B8-4E2AA1F9FDF2" width="1" height="1"></a></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno dom 30 mag 2021 alle ore 15:48 William Croft <<a href="mailto:wcroft@unm.edu" target="_blank">wcroft@unm.edu</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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Dear all,</div>
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I find the definition of "anaphora" implied in Ian's post to presuppose a theory of anaphora that not everyone, certainly not myself, agrees with. Namely, that anaphora only happens across sentences, and/or the only strategy for anaphora are "pronouns" or
"pro-forms". Both of these assumptions have been debated, and there are different theories; see Croft (2013) and references cited therein. I think "anaphora" as a comparative concept should be defined more broadly -- as I think it generally is -- to accommodate
different theories about the possible form of anaphoric expressions, and their possible distribution.</div>
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<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
Bill</div>
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<div style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
<span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times,serif">Croft, William. 2013. “Agreement
as anaphora, anaphora as coreference.” <i>Languages across boundaries: studies in memory of Anna Siewierska</i>, ed. Dik Bakker and Martin Haspelmath, 107-29. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.</span><br>
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<div id="m_6276747821525630817gmail-m_2116705858491049862gmail-m_1961800351975216780divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> on behalf of JOO, Ian [Student] <<a href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk" target="_blank">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, May 30, 2021 1:54 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> LINGTYP <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Term for “non-pronominal anaphora"</font>
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<b><span style="font-size:10pt;color:white"> [EXTERNAL]</span></b></p>
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<div dir="auto">Dear all,<br>
<br>
thank you for your guidance.<br>
I think the closest form is “lexical/nominal anaphora” but given the examples I’ve read so far, it seems that they are different from the lexical repetition within a clause.<br>
For example, in the following sentence, “the guy” refers to John, but it’s not in the same clause as “John”:<br>
“I know John_i. The guy_i has a dog.”<br>
But in the following Korean, the two occurences of “John” are within the same clause:<br>
“John_i-kwa John_i-uy kay" (lit. John_i and John_i’s dog)<br>
So I think the the within-clause repetition and cross-clause repetition must be distinguished.<br>
Also I agree with Martin’s initial suggestion that this Korean case shouldn’t be termed as “anaphora” because it really isn’t anaphoric reference. It’s just the repeated occurrence of the same lexeme where you would expect anaphora in an European language,
so to call it anaphora might be a little Euro-centric.</div>
</div>
<div name="x_messageSignatureSection"><br>
>From Hong Kong,
<div dir="auto">Ian</div>
</div>
<div name="x_messageReplySection">On 27 May 2021, 11:41 PM +0800, Christian Chiarcos <<a href="mailto:christian.chiarcos@web.de" target="_blank">christian.chiarcos@web.de</a>>, wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite" style="border-left:thin solid grey;margin:5px;padding-left:10px">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>Depends on the context, I guess. In the area of *anaphor resolution* and *linguistic annotation*, "nominal anaphora" is much more established. "Lexical anaphora" is potentially ambiguous, because it would also cover or at least overlap with "verbal anaphora",
a term occasionally used for "do so" constructions and/or verb repetitions.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
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<div>Best,<br>
</div>
Christian<br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Am Fr., 21. Mai 2021 um 08:00 Uhr schrieb JOO, Ian [Student] <<a href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk" target="_blank">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>>:<br>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">Dear all,</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">is there a term for “non-pronominal anaphora”, i. e. using personal names or titles for anaphoric reference?</span><br>
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">Example:</span></div>
<blockquote style="border:medium none;margin:0px 0px 0px 25px;padding:0px">
<div><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="white-space:pre-wrap">Hyeng-kwa hyeng-uy chinkwu</span></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman""><span style="white-space:pre-wrap">older.brother-COM older.brother-GEN friend</span></span></div>
<div><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">`Older brother and his (lit. older brother’s) friend’ (Korean)</span></div>
</blockquote>
<div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">I tried to search it in Google, but since I don’t know what this phenomenon is called, I don’t know what to search for.</span><br>
<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">I would appreciate your help.</span></div>
</div>
<div name="x_messageSignatureSection"><br>
Regards,
<div dir="auto">ian</div>
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