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Paolo's mention of the term pair "anaphora/cataphora" brings up a
frequent issue in terminology: When a new and relatively short term
(like "cataphora") is coined to refer to a special case, then it is
not clear whether the old term (here "anaphora") refers to the
general case or to the complement of the special case.<br>
<br>
Unfortunately, "anaphora" has thus become ambiguous: (i) it refers
to backward-looking and forward-looking discourse reference
relations; (ii) it refers only to backward-looking relations.<br>
<br>
It would be good to have a standardization committee that resolves
this problem, because it seems that the discipline will otherwise be
stuck with ambiguity of a key term. (Personally, I would prefer to
use "anaphora" in the general sense, and to have a new term, e.g.
"epanaphora", for backward-looking relations; cf. Greek <span
class="VIiyi" lang="el"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b"
data-language-for-alternatives="el"
data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span>κάτω
'down', </span></span></span><span class="VIiyi" lang="el"><span
class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b C1N51c" data-language-for-alternatives="el"
data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span><span
class="VIiyi" lang="el"><span class="JLqJ4b ChMk0b"
data-language-for-alternatives="el"
data-language-to-translate-into="de" data-phrase-index="0"><span>ε</span></span></span>πάνω
'up'. But this would be for a committee to decide.)<br>
<br>
Best,<br>
Martin<br>
</span></span></span><br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 30.05.21 um 19:37 schrieb paolo
Ramat:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:CAEaecYEMxTyfuVyfUKFMoYy8Vy-5132hxUWXUcHTcaxOdZjk1g@mail.gmail.com">
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<div dir="ltr">I agree with Bill: "anaphora" does not refer only
to "pronouns" or "pro-forms". In a sentence such as <i>The jury
found him guilty and the verdict shocked him deeply</i> 'the
verdict' refers anaphorically (= looking backwards) to what has
been said in the first coordinated sentence. On the contrary, <i>The
verdict of the jury was: he is guilty </i>. 'the verdict' is
in cataphoric (=looking forwards) position.
<div>I think that if we consider anaphora and cataphora
together, we can get a better understanding of both.</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Paolo<br clear="all">
<div>
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<div class="gmail_quote">
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno dom 30 mag 2021
alle ore 15:48 William Croft <<a
href="mailto:wcroft@unm.edu" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">wcroft@unm.edu</a>> ha scritto:<br>
</div>
<blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div dir="ltr">
<div
style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Dear
all,</div>
<div
style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">
I find the definition of "anaphora" implied in Ian's
post to presuppose a theory of anaphora that not
everyone, certainly not myself, agrees with. Namely,
that anaphora only happens across sentences, and/or the
only strategy for anaphora are "pronouns" or
"pro-forms". Both of these assumptions have been
debated, and there are different theories; see Croft
(2013) and references cited therein. I think "anaphora"
as a comparative concept should be defined more broadly
-- as I think it generally is -- to accommodate
different theories about the possible form of anaphoric
expressions, and their possible distribution.</div>
<div
style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)">Bill</div>
<div
style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><br>
</div>
<div
style="font-family:Calibri,Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;color:rgb(0,0,0)"><span
style="font-size:12pt;font-family:Times,serif">Croft,
William. 2013. “Agreement as anaphora, anaphora as
coreference.” <i>Languages across boundaries: studies
in memory of Anna Siewierska</i>, ed. Dik Bakker and
Martin Haspelmath, 107-29. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.</span><br>
</div>
<div
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<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%">
<div
id="m_6276747821525630817gmail-m_2116705858491049862gmail-m_1961800351975216780divRplyFwdMsg"
dir="ltr"><font style="font-size:11pt" face="Calibri,
sans-serif" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <<a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"
moz-do-not-send="true">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of JOO, Ian [Student] <<a
href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Sunday, May 30, 2021 1:54 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> LINGTYP <<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Term for “non-pronominal
anaphora"</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<p
style="margin-top:12px;margin-bottom:12px;line-height:12pt;background:rgb(255,102,102)"><b><span
style="font-size:10pt;color:white"> [EXTERNAL]</span></b></p>
<div>
<div name="x_messageBodySection">
<div dir="auto">Dear all,<br>
<br>
thank you for your guidance.<br>
I think the closest form is “lexical/nominal
anaphora” but given the examples I’ve read so far,
it seems that they are different from the lexical
repetition within a clause.<br>
For example, in the following sentence, “the guy”
refers to John, but it’s not in the same clause as
“John”:<br>
“I know John_i. The guy_i has a dog.”<br>
But in the following Korean, the two occurences of
“John” are within the same clause:<br>
“John_i-kwa John_i-uy kay" (lit. John_i and
John_i’s dog)<br>
So I think the the within-clause repetition and
cross-clause repetition must be distinguished.<br>
Also I agree with Martin’s initial suggestion that
this Korean case shouldn’t be termed as “anaphora”
because it really isn’t anaphoric reference. It’s
just the repeated occurrence of the same lexeme
where you would expect anaphora in an European
language, so to call it anaphora might be a little
Euro-centric.</div>
</div>
<div name="x_messageSignatureSection"><br>
From Hong Kong,
<div dir="auto">Ian</div>
</div>
<div name="x_messageReplySection">On 27 May 2021,
11:41 PM +0800, Christian Chiarcos <<a
href="mailto:christian.chiarcos@web.de"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">christian.chiarcos@web.de</a>>,
wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite" style="border-left:thin
solid grey;margin:5px;padding-left:10px">
<div dir="ltr">
<div>Depends on the context, I guess. In the
area of *anaphor resolution* and *linguistic
annotation*, "nominal anaphora" is much more
established. "Lexical anaphora" is potentially
ambiguous, because it would also cover or at
least overlap with "verbal anaphora", a term
occasionally used for "do so" constructions
and/or verb repetitions.<br>
</div>
<div><br>
</div>
<div>Best,<br>
</div>
Christian<br>
</div>
<br>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">Am Fr., 21. Mai 2021 um 08:00 Uhr
schrieb JOO, Ian [Student] <<a
href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk"
target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>>:<br>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin:0px 0px 0px
0.8ex;border-left:1px solid
rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div>
<div name="x_messageBodySection">
<div dir="auto"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman"">Dear all,</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman"">is there a term for
“non-pronominal anaphora”, i. e. using
personal names or titles for anaphoric
reference?</span><br>
<span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman"">Example:</span></div>
<blockquote style="border:medium
none;margin:0px 0px 0px
25px;padding:0px">
<div><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman""><span style="white-space:pre-wrap">Hyeng-kwa hyeng-uy chinkwu</span></span></div>
<div><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman""><span style="white-space:pre-wrap">older.brother-COM older.brother-GEN friend</span></span></div>
<div><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman"">`Older brother and his
(lit. older brother’s) friend’
(Korean)</span></div>
</blockquote>
<div dir="auto"><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman"">I tried to search it in
Google, but since I don’t know what
this phenomenon is called, I don’t
know what to search for.</span><br>
<span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman"">I would appreciate your
help.</span></div>
</div>
<div name="x_messageSignatureSection"><br>
Regards,
<div dir="auto">ian</div>
</div>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
Martin Haspelmath
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