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<p>Sorry, I hadn't seen Randy's message when I replied to Martin's
(I moved backwards [anaphorically] in my email inbox). I totally
agree with Randy (and M.A.K Halliday, of course).</p>
<p>Volker<br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 31/05/2021 06:51, Randy J. LaPolla
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:DA678480-B677-4424-892A-0168C6870F30@gmail.com">
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Hi All,
<div class="">Halliday and Hassan’s (1976: 31ff.) approach seems
to me the most useful and insightful (see also Halliday 1994:
312ff.). They look at it as part of a general approach to
understanding cohesion in texts. They suggest that exophoric
reference (referring to something identifiable in the context)
is ontologically primary, and endophoric (anaphoric and
cataphoric reference) is secondary. In both of the latter two
cases it isn’t referring to an earlier or later word (that would
be discourse deixis), but to an identifiable referent, for the
second (or more) time. There is nothing in the grammar that
forces the interpretation of the reference to some referent as
being to the same referent as an earlier activated referent; the
link is made by inference, and they argue that making that
inferential link between the two references, regardless of what
form is used, creates cohesion in the mind of the addressee. </div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Halliday, MAK & Ruqaiya Hasan. 1976. Cohesion in
English. Longman.</div>
<div class="">Halliday, MAK. 1994. An Introduction to Functional
Grammar. Edward Arnold.</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Randy<br class="">
<div class="">
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<div><br class="">
<blockquote type="cite" class="">
<div class="">On 31 May 2021, at 2:01 AM, Mira Ariel <<a
href="mailto:mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il</a>>
wrote:</div>
<br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
<div class="">
<meta charset="UTF-8" class="">
<div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1;
caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Verdana;
font-size: 18px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps:
normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal;
text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform:
none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px;
-webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">I
would call 'anaphoric' the<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">use<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>of any
linguistic expression which indicates referential
dependency on some antecedent (a different explicit
linguistic expression). Anaphoricity is about<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">use</i>,
not about<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">form</i>. Of course, linguistic
expressions differ as to how prone they are to be
referentially (in)dependent in their use (e.g.,
lexical NPs vs. pronouns). Cross-sentence and
intra-sentence referential dependency alike
constitute anaphora (Bill). And anaphoric and
cataphoric uses alike show referential dependency,
so no problem here (Paolo).<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><o:p
class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">Am I
missing something?<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><o:p
class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class="">Mira<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><span style="font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125);" class=""><o:p
class=""> </o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><b class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri,
sans-serif;" class=""><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lingtyp [<a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" style="color:
purple; text-decoration: underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>]<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On
Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>paolo
Ramat<br class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday, May
30, 2021 10:38 AM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>William
Croft <<a href="mailto:wcroft@unm.edu"
style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">wcroft@unm.edu</a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Cc:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>LINGTYP <<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline;"
class="" moz-do-not-send="true">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[Lingtyp] Term for “non-pronominal anaphora"<o:p
class=""></o:p></span></div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">I agree with Bill: "anaphora" does not
refer only to "pronouns" or "pro-forms". In a
sentence such as<i class="">The jury found him
guilty and the verdict shocked him deeply</i>
'the verdict' refers anaphorically (= looking
backwards) to what has been said in the first
coordinated sentence. On the contrary, <i class="">The
verdict of the jury was: he is guilty<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>. 'the
verdict' is in cataphoric (=looking forwards)
position.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class="">I think that if we consider
anaphora and cataphora together, we can get a
better understanding of both.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class="">Paolo<br class="" clear="all">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
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<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt; font-size:
12pt; font-family: "Times New Roman",
serif;" class="">Il giorno dom 30 mag 2021 alle
ore 15:48 William Croft <<a
href="mailto:wcroft@unm.edu" target="_blank"
style="color: purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class="" moz-do-not-send="true">wcroft@unm.edu</a>>
ha scritto:<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="border-style: none none none
solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color:
rgb(204, 204, 204); padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 6pt;
margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0cm;" class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><span
style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class="">Dear all,<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><span
style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><span
style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""> I find the definition of
"anaphora" implied in Ian's post to
presuppose a theory of anaphora that not
everyone, certainly not myself, agrees
with. Namely, that anaphora only happens
across sentences, and/or the only strategy
for anaphora are "pronouns" or
"pro-forms". Both of these assumptions
have been debated, and there are different
theories; see Croft (2013) and references
cited therein. I think "anaphora" as a
comparative concept should be defined more
broadly -- as I think it generally is --
to accommodate different theories about
the possible form of anaphoric
expressions, and their possible
distribution.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><span
style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><span
style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class="">Bill<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><span
style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><span
style="" class="">Croft, William. 2013.
“Agreement as anaphora, anaphora as
coreference.”<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><i
class="">Languages across boundaries:
studies in memory of Anna Siewierska</i>,
ed. Dik Bakker and Martin Haspelmath,
107-29. Berlin: De Gruyter Mouton.</span><span
style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><span
style="font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div>
</div>
<div class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;
text-align: center;" align="center">
<hr class="" width="98%" size="2"
align="center"></div>
<div
id="m_6276747821525630817gmail-m_2116705858491049862gmail-m_1961800351975216780divRplyFwdMsg"
class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""><b
class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt;
font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;"
class="">From:</span></b><span
style="font-size: 11pt; font-family:
Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Lingtyp
<<a
href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org"
target="_blank" style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
on behalf of JOO, Ian [Student] <<a
href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk"
target="_blank" style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Sent:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Sunday,
May 30, 2021 1:54 AM<br class="">
<b class="">To:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>LINGTYP
<<a
href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org"
target="_blank" style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br
class="">
<b class="">Subject:</b><span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re:
[Lingtyp] Term for “non-pronominal
anaphora"</span><o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;" class=""> <o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div class="">
<p style="margin-right: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm;
font-size: 12pt; font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif; margin-bottom: 9pt;
line-height: 12pt; background-color:
rgb(255, 102, 102);" class=""><b class=""><span
style="font-size: 10pt; color: white;"
class=""> [EXTERNAL]</span></b><o:p
class=""></o:p></p>
<div class="">
<div name="x_messageBodySection" class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Dear all,<br class="">
<br class="">
thank you for your guidance.<br
class="">
I think the closest form is
“lexical/nominal anaphora” but given
the examples I’ve read so far, it
seems that they are different from the
lexical repetition within a clause.<br
class="">
For example, in the following
sentence, “the guy” refers to John,
but it’s not in the same clause as
“John”:<br class="">
“I know John_i. The guy_i has a dog.”<br
class="">
But in the following Korean, the two
occurences of “John” are within the
same clause:<br class="">
“John_i-kwa John_i-uy kay" (lit.
John_i and John_i’s dog)<br class="">
So I think the the within-clause
repetition and cross-clause repetition
must be distinguished.<br class="">
Also I agree with Martin’s initial
suggestion that this Korean case
shouldn’t be termed as “anaphora”
because it really isn’t anaphoric
reference. It’s just the repeated
occurrence of the same lexeme where
you would expect anaphora in an
European language, so to call it
anaphora might be a little
Euro-centric.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div name="x_messageSignatureSection"
class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><br class="">
From Hong Kong,<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Ian<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div name="x_messageReplySection" class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">On 27 May 2021, 11:41 PM +0800,
Christian Chiarcos <<a
href="mailto:christian.chiarcos@web.de"
target="_blank" style="color: purple;
text-decoration: underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">christian.chiarcos@web.de</a>>,
wrote:<br class="">
<br class="">
<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
<blockquote style="margin: 3.75pt;"
class="">
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;" class="">Depends
on the context, I guess. In the
area of *anaphor resolution* and
*linguistic annotation*, "nominal
anaphora" is much more
established. "Lexical anaphora" is
potentially ambiguous, because it
would also cover or at least
overlap with "verbal anaphora", a
term occasionally used for "do so"
constructions and/or verb
repetitions.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;" class=""><o:p
class=""> </o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;" class="">Best,<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class="">Christian<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;
font-size: 12pt; font-family:
"Times New Roman", serif;"
class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;" class="">Am
Fr., 21. Mai 2021 um 08:00 Uhr
schrieb JOO, Ian [Student] <<a
href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk" target="_blank" style="color:
purple; text-decoration:
underline;" class=""
moz-do-not-send="true">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>>:<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="border-style: none
none none solid; border-left-width:
1pt; border-left-color: rgb(204,
204, 204); padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 6pt;
margin-left: 4.8pt; margin-right:
0cm;" class="">
<div class="">
<div name="x_messageBodySection"
class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">Dear all,<br
class="">
<br class="">
is there a term for
“non-pronominal anaphora”,
i. e. using personal names
or titles for anaphoric
reference?<br class="">
Example:<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<blockquote style="margin-left:
18.75pt; margin-right: 0cm;"
class="">
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;"
class="">Hyeng-kwa
hyeng-uy chinkwu<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;"
class="">older.brother-COM
older.brother-GEN friend<o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times
New Roman", serif;"
class="">`Older brother
and his (lit. older
brother’s) friend’
(Korean)<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</blockquote>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">I tried to search
it in Google, but since I
don’t know what this
phenomenon is called, I
don’t know what to search
for.<br class="">
I would appreciate your
help.<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
</div>
<div
name="x_messageSignatureSection"
class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;" class=""><br
class="">
Regards,<span
class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p
class=""></o:p></div>
<div class="">
<div style="margin: 0cm 0cm
0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt;
font-family: "Times New
Roman", serif;"
class="">ian<o:p class=""></o:p></div>
</div>
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<pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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