<div dir="ltr">Another interesting adverb to consider that has developed in a similar way is "literally", which is of course often rejected prescriptively as an intensifier. But it seems to follow the same development as "really", "truly", "very", etc., maybe with a touch of "simply" too!<br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Jun 4, 2021 at 5:49 PM Mira Ariel <<a href="mailto:mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il">mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Hi,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Yael Ziv, here cc'ed, wrote about Hebrew
<i>pashut</i> 'simple/ly'. The paper is in Hebrew, but I'm sure you can ask her about it.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">I here attach a paper of mine (with Ruti Bardenstein), in press with
<i>Studies in language</i>,<i> </i>about the evolution of intensifiers from truth markers, but we mention particularizers, which
<i>simply</i> might be similar to. We talk about the "missing link" between truth and intensification, and you may well find that there's a missing link between 'simple/ly' and 'very'. For truth markers we argued that they originally serve to mark something
as "a real category member of Y", and later on they more generally block a loosening (weakening) of the modified concept (Y). Only then do they evolve into intensifiers. I suspect the beginning of 'simply' > 'very' is some metalinguistic use of 'simply'. Maybe
<i>simply</i> in <i>simply Y</i> first aims to preempt a potential reservation that 'Y' is too strong? <u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Best,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Mira<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><a name="m_839424700956859110__MailEndCompose"><span style="font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></a></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> Lingtyp [mailto:<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>tangzhengda<br>
<b>Sent:</b> Friday, June 4, 2021 5:08 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Is the connection between simplicity and intensity universal<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Dear all,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Words with the lexical meaning of 'with simplicity' are likely to grammaticalize into intensives, or 'intensifiers', e.g. English 'simply', Chinese
<i>jianzhi </i>(</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black" lang="ZH-CN">简直,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">lit simple and straight), and may be Roman languages also. It is thus interesting to have the
potential to express '</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black">In a plain, homely, or frugal manner</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">', 'inadequately' and 'absolutely, extraordinarily' by the same word.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">I wonder if the connection, both synchronical and diachronical</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black" lang="ZH-CN">,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">
between 'being simple' and 'being intense' somewhat universal</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;color:black" lang="ZH-CN">?</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Are there more languages that coincidentally have
such intensifier-used lexicons indicating 'simplicity'?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Thanks a lot<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">With best wishes<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Jeremy<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Institute of Linguistics, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">No.5 Jianguomennei Dajie, Beijing, China; 100732<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12pt"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<p> <u></u><u></u></p>
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