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<div>In Chinese, we have both orders. The following proverbs and classic quotations are all of birds as metaphorical objects:</div><div><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> (1) Niao3 zhi1 jiang1 si3, qi2 ming2 ye3 shan4</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> bird 's will die his/its calling TOP grievous</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> Ren2 zhi1 jiang1 si3, qi2 yan2 ye3 shan4; </div><div><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: lucida console, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"> person 's will die his/its speech TOP kind (Confucius' Lunyun)</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: lucida console, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: lucida console, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;">When a bird is dying, its calling sounds grievous; when a person is dying, his/her speech is kind.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: lucida console, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: lucida console, sans-serif; font-size: 16px;"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> (2) Ren2 wei4 cai2 si3, niao3 wei4 shi2 wang2.</div></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> </div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> person for wealth die bird for food die</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> </div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> People die for (seeking) wealth, while birds die for (seeking) food.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> (3) Ren2 guo4 liu2 ming2, yan4 guo4 liu2 sheng1.</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> person pass leave name wild goose pass leave voice</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"> People pass the world leaving their names, while wild geese pass the sky leaving their voice. (its meaning is similar to Ian's first Korean proverb, but with opposed order)</div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false"><br></div><div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false">Example (1) is from Confucius's quotation. Generally traditional folk proverbs seem to take the metaphorical subject-object order more often.</div><br></div><div><br></div>
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On Friday, June 18, 2021, 12:24:36 PM GMT+8, JOO, Ian [Student] <ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk> wrote:
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<div><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Dear all,</span><br>
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<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">in Korean proverbs consisting of two parallel sentences, the metaphorical object precedes the metaphorical subject:</span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">호랑이는 죽어서 가죽을 남기고, 사람은 죽어서 이름을 남긴다. A tiger leaves its hide when it dies, and a person leaves their name when they die.</span></li><li><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">열 길 물 속은 알아도 한 길 사람 속은 모른다. You can see through ten feet deep water, but you cannot see through a one foot deep heart.</span></li></ul>
<div><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">In these proverbs, the metaphorical objects (tiger, water) precede the metaphorical subjects (person, heart).</span><br>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">I have been assuming that this is the “natural” way of making a parallel comparison, until I came across Mongolian proverbs today that have the opposite structure: </span></div>
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<li><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Хүн ёс дагана, нохой яс дагана. A person follows traditions, and a dog follows bones.</span></li><li><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Уур биеийг зовоодог, уул морийг зовоодог. The anger torments the body, and the mountain torments the horse.</span></li></ul>
<div><span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">I assume here that the person and the body are being compared to the dog and the horse (and not the other way around).</span><br>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman;">Is this metaphorical subject - metaphorical object order common in proverbs of other languages as well?</span><br>
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>From Hong Kong,
<div>Ian</div>
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