<div dir="ltr"><div dir="auto" style="word-wrap:break-word;line-break:after-white-space"><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times">Hi everyone, </font></span></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times">I don’t see any problem with the Basque example: it is a demonstrative used as a logophoric pronoun. It would be a reflexive in many languages, as noted by Martin himself, e.g. in a language like Lezgian. What is important here is that it will be a logophoric pronoun(!) and not a logophoric strategy. For instance, in the survey I am currently carrying on on Finno-Ugric languages, often such an example would lack any pronoun, and this would be a sort of logophoric mode of organizing indirect reported speech/discourse of a type “she(i) says, (i) comes’. Maybe, Spanish could be a language like this? </font></span></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times"><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">What I am trying to say is that it is the function that matters and not the form. In many FU lgs, 3rd singular pronouns derive from demonstratives. Finnish uses the distal demonstrative </span><em style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">se </em><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">as an anti-/non-logophoric and also a less polite way to refer to an animate referent (correct me if I am a bit "old school"). I believe the definition of personal pronoun should stem from the common functions of personal pronouns, which I tried to point out in my letter to the list:</span></font></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times">-reference to speech-act participants (egophoric pronouns);</font></span></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times">-co-reference in complex sentences (logophoric pronouns);</font></span></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times">-3rd person reference (allophoric). </font></span></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times">Wouldn’t it suffice? Are there any other types of reference that might be missing but are carried out by personal pronouns? Is it just a very naïve, if not an ignorant assumption? If you have any suggestions, I would very much like to hear them (also in a private message).</font></span></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times"><br></font></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times">Best wishes, </font></span></div><div style="color:rgb(14,16,26);margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><span style="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt"><font face="Times">Denys </font></span></div><div><div style="direction:ltr"><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On 11. Jul 2021, at 18:21, Martin Haspelmath <<a href="mailto:martin_haspelmath@eva.mpg.de" target="_blank">martin_haspelmath@eva.mpg.de</a>> wrote:</div><br><div><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">Yes, Bhat (2004) and Kibrik (2011) are excellent typological books from which I have learned a lot (thanks to Don Killian and Daniel Hieber for mentioning them).</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">But they do not seem to say clearly how personal pronouns are delimited from demonstratives. Bhat (2004), as in<span> </span></span><a href="https://wals.info/chapter/43" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target="_blank">his WALS chapter</a><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">, discusses the formal relationships between demonstratives and 3rd person pronouns, but how do we tell them apart? For example, Basque is sometimes said to lack 3rd-person pronouns and to use demonstratives instead (</span><i style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">hau, hori, hura</i><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">), and sometimes it is said<span> </span></span><a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basque_grammar#Personal_pronouns" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target="_blank">to use demonstratives "as 3rd-person pronouns"</a><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important"><span> </span>– which of these is true depends on the definition of "personal pronoun". Kibrik (2011: 125) considers two criteria (""adnominal use", "a single structural-distributional system with locuphoric pronouns") but falls short of providing a clear definition.</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">This is why I proposed the definition in terms of coreferential use in a complement clause, as in</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><i style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">Jon-ek dio hura azkarra d-ela.</i><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">Jon-ERG says DEM smart be-COMP</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">'Jon(i) says that he(i) is smart.' (Iraola & Ezeizabarrena 2011)</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">Here the Basque distal demonstrative<span> </span></span><i style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">hura</i><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important"><span> </span>'that (one)' is used coreferentially with the matrix subject, so according to this definition,<span> </span></span><i style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">hura</i><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important"><span> </span>is (also) a personal pronoun. It contrasts crucially with Spanish, where the distal demonstrative<span> </span></span><i style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">aquél</i><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important"><span> </span>'that (one)' cannot be used in this way (</span><i style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">Juan(i) dice que (*aquél(i)) es inteligente</i><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">).</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">A language that is similar to Basque in that it seems to "use its demonstratives as personal pronouns" is Lezgian, but it appears that they cannot be used in a complement clause, because reflexive pronouns are required in this context (Haspelmath 1993: §22.4.2). Thus, even though Lezgian<span> </span></span><i style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">am/abur</i><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important"><span> </span>often correspond to English<span> </span></span><i style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">he/she/they</i><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">, they do not count as personal pronouns.</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">[This delimitation may strike one as arbitrary, and it is – but I am assuming that we want *some* delimitation, because "personal pronoun" and "demonstrative" are technical terms that we want to have clear definitions for.]</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">Thanks also to Riccardo Giomi for mentioning the term "pro(-)form" used in FDG (along with "pro-adverb", "pro-verb", etc.). These kinds of terms have been used for quite some time (e.g. in Quirk et al. 1985, the well-known grammar of English), but they have not become standard. In a recent Twitter poll, when asked about what term to use for "where", a majority favoured "adverbial interrogative pronoun" or "interrogative pronominal adverb" over "interrogative pro-adverb" (</span><a href="https://twitter.com/haspelmath/status/1413525671163400192" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px" target="_blank">https://twitter.com/haspelmath/status/1413525671163400192</a><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">).</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">Best,</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><span style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none;float:none;display:inline!important">Martin</span><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><br style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none">Am 11.07.21 um 06:01 schrieb Daniel W. Hieber:<br></div><blockquote type="cite" style="font-family:Helvetica;font-size:12px;font-style:normal;font-variant-caps:normal;font-weight:normal;letter-spacing:normal;text-align:start;text-indent:0px;text-transform:none;white-space:normal;word-spacing:0px;text-decoration:none"><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Dear Ian,</div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt"><br></div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt">I think it would be worthwhile to also consider the definition of pronouns advanced in Andrej Kibrik's excellent<span> </span><i>Reference in discourse</i>. Some relevant quotes are below. Note that Kibrik is here using<i>pronoun</i> to mean primarily<span> </span><i>personal pronoun</i> (p. 121).</div><blockquote style="border-left-width:3px;border-left-style:solid;border-color:rgb(200,200,200);padding-left:1ex;margin-left:0.8ex;color:rgb(102,102,102)"><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt">"[...] the term 'pronoun' implies only three things. First, a pronoun is a referential device, directly coding referents. Second, it is a reduced referential device, that is, it does not have lexical content. Third, pronouns are<span> </span><b>overt</b> devices, and so are opposed to zero reference." (p. 121; empahsis in the original)</div></blockquote><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Kibrik also notes that there are other types of items which sometimes share the function of personal pronouns, but should not themselves be considered personal pronouns:</div><blockquote style="border-left-width:3px;border-left-style:solid;border-color:rgb(200,200,200);padding-left:1ex;margin-left:0.8ex;color:rgb(102,102,102)"><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Linguistic elements that can be characterized as overt reduced referential devices most typically coincide with what are traditionally known as personal pronouns. In the context of referential choice between full and reduced referential devices, most often these are third person pronouns. English is a typical example of a language that uses third person pronouns when a reduced referential device is needed. However, in this kind of language other reduced devices may be used, such as demonstratives. Furthermore, not all languages have dedicated third person pronouns: some languages employ overt reduced referential devices that fall out of the scope of what traditionally counts as third person pronouns. Several kinds of linguistic elements that belong to other pronoun types or even different lexico-grammatical classes may effectively function in discourse as<span> </span><b>analogues</b> of third person pronouns. Such analogues can be thought of as marginal overt reduced referential devices.</div></blockquote><blockquote style="border-left-width:3px;border-left-style:solid;border-color:rgb(200,200,200);padding-left:1ex;margin-left:0.8ex;color:rgb(102,102,102)"><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Among these, the most salient ones are: demonstratives, classifiers, and social status nouns. All of these devices are distinct from personal pronouns, in particular because they do not contain the category of person. [...] However, in certain languages that lack genuine third person pronouns these devices play the pronominal role. (p. 124; emphasis in the original)</div></blockquote><div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Kibrik also helpfully distinguishes between<span> </span><i>strong</i> vs.<span> </span><i>weak</i> pronouns, where strong pronouns are prosodically and pragmatically marked, and weak pronouns are prosodically reduced and/or dependent. Weak pronouns are functionally analogous to bound pronouns (p. 92).</div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt"><br></div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Hope that's helpful!</div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt"><br></div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt">Danny</div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt"><br></div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt"><b>References</b></div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt"><ul><li>Kibrik, Andrej A. 2011.<span> </span><i>Reference in discourse</i>. Oxford University Press. doi:<a href="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215805.001.0001" title="https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215805.001.0001" target="_blank">10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199215805.001.0001</a>.</li></ul></div><div style="font-family:"Times New Roman",Times,serif;font-size:12pt"><br></div><div id="m_-7232501605121962231Signature"><div><div style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>Daniel W. Hieber, Ph.D.</span><br></div><div style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span></span><span>Postdoctoral Fellow</span></div><div style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><span>University of Alberta Language Technology Lab (ALTLab)</span></div><div style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt;background-color:rgb(255,255,255)"><a href="http://www.danielhieber.com/" style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:12pt" target="_blank"><span>danielhieber.com</span><span></span></a><br></div></div></div></div><hr style="display:inline-block;width:655.609375px"><div id="m_-7232501605121962231divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b><span> </span>Lingtyp<span> </span><a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><span> </span>on behalf of JOO, Ian [Student]<span> </span><a href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk" target="_blank"><ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk></a><br><b>Sent:</b><span> </span>Monday, July 5, 2021 11:53 PM<br><b>To:</b><span> </span>LINGTYP<span> </span><a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank"><lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org></a><br><b>Subject:</b><span> </span>[Lingtyp] Definition of “personal pronoun"</font><div> </div></div><div><div name="x_messageBodySection"><div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">Dear typologists,</span><br><br><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">I’m having a hard time trying to find a definition of a “personal pronoun”.</span><br><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">One definition is that a personal pronoun refers to a literal person, a human being. But then again, non-human pronouns like English </span><em style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">it</em><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman""> are also frequently included as a personal pronoun.</span><br><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">Another definition seems to be that “personal” refers to a grammatical person and not a literal person. Thus, </span><em style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">it</em><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman""> refers to the (non-human) 3rd person, therefore it is a personal pronoun.</span><br><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">But then again, demonstratives, interrogative, and indefinite pronouns also refer to the 3rd person. (This </span><em style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">is</em><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman""> a book, who </span><em style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">is </em><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">that man, anything </span><em style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">is </em><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">possible) Then are they also personal pronouns?</span><br><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman"">What’s the clearest definition of a personal pronoun, if any?</span></div></div><div name="x_messageSignatureSection"><br>From Hong Kong,<div dir="auto">Ian</div></div><img alt="" src="https://www.polyu.edu.hk/emaildisclaimer/PolyU_Email_Signature.jpg"><div style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px"><br><em><font size="3" face="Times New Roman">Disclaimer:</font></em></div><div style="margin-top:0px;margin-bottom:0px;margin-left:0.5in"><i><font size="3" face="Times New
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