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<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">Dear Christian et al,</span><span
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">A similar phenomenon involving
pronouns rather than
demonstratives occurs in a number of languages of New Guinea,
generally along
the north coast.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I once
started a
typological study of the phenomenon but aborted it after getting
bogged down in
definitional issues.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>Anyway,
here are
some references for particular languages:</span><span
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Mauwake
(Madang, TNG):</span><span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Järvinen,
Liisa (1991) “The Pronoun System of Mauwake”, in T. Dutton ed.,
<i>Papers in
Papuan Linguistics</i> 1, Pacific Linguistics A - 73,
Canberra, 57-95.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>(see p.
65)</span><span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman"" lang="EN-US">
</span><span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Dumo
(Western Skou):</span><span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman";color:black;mso-ansi-language:EN-US" lang="EN-US">Ross,
Malcolm (1980) “Some Elements of Vanimo, A New Guinea Tone
Language”, in M.
Boxwell et al eds., <i>Papers in New Guinea Linguistics</i> 20,
Pacific
Linguistics A - 56, Canberra, 77-109.<span
style="mso-spacerun:yes">
</span>(see<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>pp. 85-6)</span><span
style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Roon (South
Halmahera West New
Guinea, Austronesian)</span><span style="font-family:"Times
New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">own field
work</span><span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman"">Papuan Malay (Austronesian):</span><span
style="font-family:
"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-top:0in;margin-right:1.0pt;margin-bottom:0in;
margin-left:27.0pt;margin-bottom:.0001pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:inter-ideograph;
text-indent:-27.0pt;mso-pagination:widow-orphan lines-together"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times
New Roman"">Donohue,
Mark and Yusuf Sawaki (2007) "Papuan Malay Pronominals: Forms
and
Functions", <i style="mso-bidi-font-style:normal">Oceanic
Linguistics</i>
47:253-276.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:
"Times New Roman""></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">Gil, David
(to appear) "Number
in Indonesian", in P. Acquaviva and M. Daniel eds., <i>Number
in the
World's Languages</i>, De Gruyter, Berlin.</span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman""> </span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"
style="margin-left:27.0pt;text-align:justify;text-justify:
inter-ideograph;text-indent:-27.0pt"><span
style="font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;
mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"">David</span><span
style="font-family:
"Times New
Roman",serif;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New
Roman""></span></p>
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<p><br>
</p>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 19/09/2021 17:58, Christian Lehmann
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:35236b4f-77b6-e57f-37ff-99898026a17b@Uni-Erfurt.De">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
Dear colleagues,<br>
<br>
while working on Cabecar grammar, I have been struggling with a
phenomenon which I do not recall having seen treated in the
literature and which I have dubbed instant resumption. It is a
kind of intraclausal anaphora involving an NP as antecedent and a
demonstrative pronoun as anaphor. A variant of this has been
well-known as left-dislocation. In Cabecar, however, the
construction has these properties:<br>
<ul>
<li>It does not necessarily involve left-dislocation. The
antecedent NP may be anywhere inside the clause, even at its
end.</li>
<li>The resumptive pronoun (the medial demonstrative, glossed
D.MED below) may, in principle, come later in the clause.
However, in 96% of the cases, it follows the antecedent
immediately. It does this even at the end of the clause. I
therefore assume that, at the structural level, this is
(putting it in grammaticalizational terms) no longer anaphora,
but apposition.</li>
<li>The phenomenon is completely independent of the internal
constituency of the antecedent; this may be a nominalized
clause, a determined NP or even a pronoun. And it is
independent of the syntactic function of the resumptive - or
the entire appositional NP - in its clause; it may be just any
function available to an NP.</li>
<li>Instant resumption is always optional, although preferred in
many cases.<br>
</li>
</ul>
Here are two examples; the antecedent is bracketed:<br>
<br>
E1. Rogelio jé m-á̱=ká̱=ju̱
bulía.<br>
[Rogelio] D.MED go-PROG=ASC=AM tomorrow<br>
‘Rogelio(, he) will climb tomorrow.’<br>
E2. jé rä sä yu-ä kië́
Pedro jé= i̠a̠.<br>
D.MED COP [1.PL form-NR name Peter] D.MED=DAT<br>
‘that is for the professor named Peter.’<br>
<br>
Unless you have seen this kind of construction before, you may
think that my analysis is mistaken and the demonstrative is simply
a postnominal determiner. Be assured that it is not. The language
has prenominal determiners. And as said before, there are 4% of
distant resumption which would not be possible if the thing were a
determiner.<br>
<br>
Certain phenomena I have seen in other languages come to mind:<br>
<ul>
<li>In Dagbani, the relative clause (described by Wilson 1963
and 1975) is followed by a particle <i>la</i> which Wilson
does not categorize but which looks like a demonstrative.</li>
<li>In Wappo, the relative clause (described by Li &
Thompson 1978) is followed by a demonstrative <i>ce</i>,
which at that time I thought was a postnominal determiner.</li>
<li>In some Australian language which I do not recall, the case
suffixes on nouns look like pronouns provided with the same
case suffixes. Compare with this E2 above.</li>
</ul>
Here are my questions to you:<br>
<ul>
<li>Have you seen instant resumption in other languages?</li>
<li>Is there an established concept and term for the phenomenon
which I have overlooked?</li>
<li>Is it a grammaticalized form of left-dislocation, as it
appears to me, or is there some other base for it?</li>
<li>How should we conceive its function at the grammaticalized
stage? To me, it seems that it no longer has any cognitive or
communicative function, but a mere structural function (if I
may say so), viz. identifying a nominal expression as such by
summing it up, and thus demarcating it against the rest of the
clause at least in configurations as E1.<br>
</li>
</ul>
I would be grateful for any help.<br>
Best, Christian<br>
<div class="moz-signature">-- <br>
<p style="font-size:90%">Prof. em. Dr. Christian Lehmann<br>
Rudolfstr. 4<br>
99092 Erfurt<br>
<span style="font-variant:small-caps">Deutschland</span></p>
<table style="font-size:80%">
<tbody>
<tr>
<td>Tel.:</td>
<td>+49/361/2113417</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>E-Post:</td>
<td><a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated"
href="mailto:christianw_lehmann@arcor.de"
moz-do-not-send="true">christianw_lehmann@arcor.de</a></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>Web:</td>
<td><a class="moz-txt-link-freetext"
href="https://www.christianlehmann.eu"
moz-do-not-send="true">https://www.christianlehmann.eu</a></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</div>
<br>
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</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091
</pre>
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