<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">I think there is a very fundamental reason why segmental and tone transcriptions may appear to be different.<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">A consonant must necessarily include place, manner and voicing specifications. A tone, on the other hand,</div><div class="">has only necessarily some pitch specification but may also entail — in a minority of tone languages and </div><div class="">depending on analytical choices — some other features such as duration or voice quality. <br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Sep 26, 2021, at 20:38, JOO, Ian [Student] <<a href="mailto:ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk" class="">ian.joo@connect.polyu.hk</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div name="messageBodySection" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times-Roman; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><div dir="auto" class=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">Dear typologists,</span><br class=""><br class=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">I was wondering why there isn’t a multidimensional way of transcribing tones, like how we transcribe segmental phonemes.</span><br class=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">For example, the transcription of the voiced bilabial stop (/b/) is based on multiple dimensions of phonological features, such as [+voiced, +labial, -nasal]. </span><br class=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">But why are tones transcribed based on pitch only, such as Chao numbers (35), tone letters (</span>˦˥<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">), tone diacritics (´`¯ˆˇ), or capital letters (HMLRF), and not encoding other cues, like creakiness, length, tenseness, and intensity, when these cues may be just as distinctive as pitch is?</span><br class=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">In other words, why is there no such cross-linguistically unified symbol as to describe the [-long, +creaky, +loud, +high, +falling, +tense] tone of Burmese, when there is a cross-linguistically unified symbol to describe the [+voiced, +labial, -nasal] consonant of Burmese?</span><br class=""><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman";" class="">I would like to know why this is the case.</span></div></div><div name="messageSignatureSection" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times-Roman; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><br class="">From Hong Kong,<div dir="auto" class="">Ian</div></div><img alt="" src="https://www.polyu.edu.hk/emaildisclaimer/PolyU_Email_Signature.jpg" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times-Roman; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;" class=""><span style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times-Roman; font-size: 12px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; 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<span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Times; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-horizontal-spacing: 0px; -webkit-border-vertical-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; "><div class=""><div class="">Ian Maddieson</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Department of Linguistics</div><div class="">University of New Mexico</div><div class="">MSC03-2130</div><div class="">Albuquerque NM 87131-0001</div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div><div class=""><br class=""></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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