<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">Hey Mira,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">Are you looking for referential modifiers or truth marking that scopes over predicates / whole propositions?</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">For nouns / referential expressions in Chacobo</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">"veridative" is marked through reduplication + -ria. For instance, <i>honi </i>'man' vs. <i>honi honi-ria </i>'real man' which could be used to emphasize the man-like properties of a person. <i>-ria </i>is a 'simulative', that by itself marks that something is similar to N... I don't think nominal reduplication occurs outside of this context.<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><i><br></i></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">For propositions, the expression <i>jabija </i>[haβiha] 'true', is the closest I can think of. It is <i>haβi </i>'custom, tradition, surely, obviously' with (probably) <i>ha(a) </i>'yes'...</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">But what is the main semantic test for knowing that something is a 'truth marker'? There are surely overlapping contexts here, but what 'true' even means seems like a very complicated ethnographic question ... <br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">best,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130">Adam<br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:monospace,monospace;color:#4c1130"><br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Oct 21, 2021 at 2:00 AM Mira Ariel <<a href="mailto:mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il">mariel@tauex.tau.ac.il</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)">Hi,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)">My student, Shirly Orr, and I are interested in truth markers, such as
<i>true</i>, <i>real, right</i>.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)">Are they frequently attested in natural languages?
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)">We're interested in etymological sources for them, as well as meanings they evolve to express.
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)">Any leads on literature we can dig up?<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)">Thanks,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)">Mira Ariel<u></u><u></u></span></p>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman, serif">Adam J.R. Tallman</font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman, serif">Post-doctoral Researcher <br></font></div><div dir="ltr"><font face="times new roman, serif">Friedrich Schiller Universität<br></font></div><div><font face="times new roman, serif">Department of English Studies<br></font></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div>