<div dir="ltr"><div>There is more to say about Italian.<br></div><div>First, _ovvero_ can have two meanings: 'or' and 'i.e.'. Neither of them is relevant to the initial query, if I understood it.<br></div><div>Second, the adjective _vero_ has devolped a phatic adverbial usage, again of a double nature:</div><div>- as confirmation request at the end of a statement (_l'hai visto, vero?_ 'you saw it, am I right?'); cf. the Spanish usage of _verdad_ 'truth'.</div><div>- as pure phatic element, often repeated, sometimes even excessively, by some speakers; it is most likely used by some educated speakers and it is perhaps old-fashoned nowadays (but this might be a mere impression of mine).<br></div><div>Best <br></div><div>Pier Marco<br></div><div><div dir="ltr"><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Il giorno gio 21 ott 2021 alle ore 13:48 Riccardo Giomi <<a href="mailto:rgiomi@campus.ul.pt">rgiomi@campus.ul.pt</a>> ha scritto:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>...And then of course you have the rhetorical/discourse-marker use of ablative <i>vero</i> in Latin to mean 'in particular, specifically, that is', etc.. This survives in the Italian form <i>ovvero</i>, which I would assume derives from agglutination of the disjunctive preposition/conjunction <i>o</i> ('or') + <i>vero</i> ('true').</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>R<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Carl Whitehead <<a href="mailto:carlrwhitehead@gmail.com" target="_blank">carlrwhitehead@gmail.com</a>> escreveu no dia quinta, 21/10/2021 à(s) 06:52:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div lang="EN-CA"><div><p class="MsoNormal">In Menya (Angan sub-family, Trans New Guinea family in Papua New Guinea), the expression for <span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">‘</span>true<span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">’</span> (often used as a response to a question or a affirmation of agreement and also as an adjective or noun) is <i>naq</i><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">ä</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US"> qaku</span></i><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">ä</span></i><span lang="EN-US">, where </span><i>naq</i><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">ä</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> is </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">‘</span><span lang="EN-US">big</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">’</span><span lang="EN-US"> and <i>qaku</i></span><i><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">ä</span></i><span lang="EN-US"> is </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">‘</span><span lang="EN-US">stump, base of a tree</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">’</span><span lang="EN-US"> or </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">‘</span><span lang="EN-US">basis, reason</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">’</span><span lang="EN-US">. In church circles, the expression is also used at the end of prayers as </span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">‘</span><span lang="EN-US">amen.</span><span style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif" lang="EN-US">’</span><span lang="EN-US"><u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><div><div style="border-color:rgb(225,225,225) currentcolor currentcolor;border-style:solid none none;border-width:1pt medium medium;padding:3pt 0cm 0cm"><p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Mira Ariel<br><b>Sent:</b> October 21, 2021 10:00 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br><b>Cc:</b> Shirly Orr <<a href="mailto:orr.shirly@gmail.com" target="_blank">orr.shirly@gmail.com</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> [Lingtyp] Truth markers<u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US">Hi,<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US">My student, Shirly Orr, and I are interested in truth markers, such as <i>true</i>, <i>real, right</i>.<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US">Are they frequently attested in natural languages? <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US">We're interested in etymological sources for them, as well as meanings they evolve to express. <u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US">Any leads on literature we can dig up?<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US"><u></u> <u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US">Thanks,<u></u><u></u></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:rgb(68,84,106)" lang="EN-US">Mira Ariel<u></u><u></u></span></p></div></div>_______________________________________________<br>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Riccardo Giomi, Ph.D.<br></div><div>Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa (FLUL)<br></div><div>Departamento de Linguística Geral e Românica (DLGR)<br></div></div></div>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><pre cols="72"><span style="background-color:rgb(255,0,0)"><span></span></span>=========================================================
<span style="background-color:rgb(255,0,0)"><span></span></span> |||| Pier Marco Bertinetto
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editor of "Italian Journal of Linguistics"<br> webpage <<a href="https://www.sns.it/it/bertinetto-pier-marco" target="_blank">https://www.sns.it/it/bertinetto-pier-marco</a>>
"Laboratorio di Linguistica" <<a href="http://linguistica.sns.it" target="_blank">http://linguistica.sns.it</a>>
=========================================================</pre>
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