<div dir="ltr"><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Dear Aigul,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">I could think of Krio (Sierra Leone) and some other African-Caribbean English-lexifier Creoles where <i>lɛ́</i> (with a high tone), a fossilized form of English <i>let's</i> is used as a deontic/subjunctive mood complementizer in insubordinate main clauses throughout the person paradigm as well as in subordinate clauses of deontic main verbs:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Insubordination:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">1. lɛ́ à gó náw [deon 1sg.sbj go now] 'I should go now'</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">2. lɛ́ è gó náw [ deon 3sg.sbj go now] 'S/he should go now'</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">3. lɛ́ wì gó náw [deon 1pl.sbj go now] 'Let's go now'</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">4. lɛ́ dɛ̀n gó náw [deon 3pl.sbj go now] 'Let them go now'</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Subordination:</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">5. à tɛ́l àm sé lɛ́ è gó [1sg.sbj tell quot 3sg.obj deon 3sg.sbj go] 'I told him/her to go'</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">6. à wɔ́nt lɛ́ è gó [1sg.sbj want deon 3sg.sbj go] 'I want him/her to go'</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">etc. </div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small"><br></div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Best,</div><div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:verdana,sans-serif;font-size:small">Kofi</div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div><font size="1" color="#666666" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif">————<br></font></div><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><font color="#666666">Dr Kofi Yakpo • Associate Professor </font></font></div><div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">Chair of </span><a href="http://www.linguistics.hku.hk/" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Linguistics</font></a><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"> </span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">•</span><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"> </span><font size="1" face="arial, helvetica, sans-serif"><a href="http://arts.hku.hk/" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">University of Hong Kong</font></a></font></div><div><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">My publications @ </span><a href="https://zenodo.org/search?page=1&size=20&q=yakpo&sort=-publication_date" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">zenodo</font></a> <span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">• </span><span style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small;color:rgb(102,102,102)"> </span><a href="http://hub.hku.hk/cris/rp/rp01715" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">My Page</font></a></div><div><br></div><div><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small">Just published:</span><br></div><div><a href="https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.690593" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Creole prosodic systems are areal, not simple</font></a><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"><br></span></div><div><a href="https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/13670069211019126" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Social entrenchment influences the amount of areal borrowing</font></a> <br></div><div><a href="https://doi.org/10.1177/13670069211019126" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Unidirectional multilingual convergence</font></a><span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"><br></span></div><div><a href="https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/english-today/article/abs/two-types-of-language-contact-involving-english-creoles/DD2FC19B55E041440F3BFC5235234968" style="font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small" target="_blank"><font color="#6fa8dc">Two types of language contact involving English Creoles</font></a> <span style="color:rgb(102,102,102);font-family:arial,helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:x-small"><br></span></div><div><br></div><div> </div></div></div></div></div><div dir="ltr"><div>
</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Fri, Nov 12, 2021 at 9:20 AM Aigul Zakirova <<a href="mailto:aigul.n.zakirova@gmail.com">aigul.n.zakirova@gmail.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr">Dear colleagues,<br>I am wondering whether you know of any languages in which a finite 1SG verb form (e.g. non-past) is also used in modal contexts (e.g. optative or deontic) with subjects which are not 1SG. I am asking because I came across such a use in languages I work on, Meadow Mari and Hill Mari (Uralic). <br><br>In the examples below a non-past 1SG form is combined with <i>əl’e</i>, a form of the verb 'to be', to yield an optative reading. In other types of optative utterances əl’e is also used, so
əl’e is not very interesting; what interests me is the use of the non-past 1SG form. <br><br>Meadow Mari<br>erla jür lij-am əl’-e!<br>tomorrow rain become-NPST.1SG be-AOR.3SG<br>‘If only it rained tomorrow!’<br><br>Meadow Mari<br>maksim erla tol-am əl’-e<br>Maksim tomorrow arrive-NPST.1SG be-AOR.3SG<br>‘If only Maksim (person's name) arrived tomorrow!’<br><br>To put it more broadly, if you have encountered cases where a certain "petrified" person-number verb form is used in atypical contexts which are distant from the original form's meaning, I am also interested in such cases. What comes to my mind is <br>-formal coincidence or resemblance between indicative and imperative 2PL forms <br>-use of imperatives in Russian to convey abruptness (А он как побеги!) or in conditional / concessive clauses (Сделай он это, все было бы по-другому) <br>But maybe there is something else on the matter?<br><br>Best,<br>Aigul Zakirova</div>
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