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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Further on this, as you suggest Ian,
care has to be taken as to whether the 'word for “word”' is
polysemous, or ranges more widely than we might expect. Even
English 'word' does in some contexts (as in "I took him at his
word.") Another relevant reference:<br>
<blockquote>Goddard, Cliff. 2011. The lexical semantics of
language (with special reference to words). <i>Language
Sciences</i> 33.1, 40-57.
<a class="moz-txt-link-freetext" href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2010.03.003">http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.langsci.2010.03.003</a><br>
</blockquote>
David<br>
<br>
<br>
On 26/11/21 20:17, JOO, Ian [Student] wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:f3bf0245-64cd-43f5-a5a5-0af9222c73ba@Spark">
<title></title>
<div name="messageBodySection">
<div dir="auto"><span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Dear
Martin,</span><br>
<br>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">Thanks for citing
this chapter.</span><br>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">I did some quick
search to see if it’s true that “only some” languages have a
word for “word”.</span><br>
<span style="font-family:Times New Roman">For example, in the
World Loanword Database, it seems that most of the 41 sample
languages have a word for “word”, and more than half of them
have a native word for it.</span><br>
<a href="https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwold.clld.org%2Fmeaning%2F18-26%232%2F32.2%2F-4.8&data=04%7C01%7Cdavid.nash%40anu.edu.au%7C0358502990c943f7416408d9b0bdac2b%7Ce37d725cab5c46249ae5f0533e486437%7C0%7C0%7C637735152318739129%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=r1JnumGj7Vd4vqWdbSjqozgFE35C10g2a%2FLBc0mJ6W4%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://wold.clld.org/meaning/18-26#2/32.2/-4.8" shash="yKm/9LRl+7P3roUPwq4j7WHXDnOLUmgD4xGLpKnOsIW1q2EOvvRbo1FrCB6sXluArQ2XUITjZI0MZzLGjy/mQ3uG75e7NeJGr+p2myAkjf04bJHfRg15DfmZEJqaRYMNKD/o1HrvdJlRKYHsU4lfe6TU2QOTTCI6oMdvjv/FRzw=" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://wold.clld.org/meaning/18-26#2/32.2/-4.8</a><br>
Also in the CLICS3 database, many languages seem to have one
or more “word”-words, although I can’t be sure if they are
native or not.<br>
<a href="https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fclics.clld.org%2Fparameters%2F1599&data=04%7C01%7Cdavid.nash%40anu.edu.au%7C0358502990c943f7416408d9b0bdac2b%7Ce37d725cab5c46249ae5f0533e486437%7C0%7C0%7C637735152318749083%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C1000&sdata=uOeSkU9wVP5THDZ%2FXHoiij%2FhHjWJB17MPdH5W9rrOyU%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://clics.clld.org/parameters/1599" shash="k9q2N1CA8FBPT8f1j8YkfxOuAgFdhmZ8WxlsQNxODRAB2fE11D10iMHqEAw1vf+bzJKoYmN1l0PsackpoASZmn9uroa6jC7UW4/cE+a4SIeLbNI4Y1rvX2j8SsjEj5Ea4S6zrsMNriAboKuOqyiCXhRv1eWhPfKXxOtK4cu4gYs=" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true">https://clics.clld.org/parameters/1599</a><br>
On the other hand, my native language, Korean, doesn’t have a
monomorphemic “word”-word. The common words for “word”, tan-e
and nath-mal, are both compounds (‘piece-speech’), and I
suspect them to be fairly recently coined or borrowed.<br>
But the real question would be whether all these words for
“word” designate roughly the same concept.<br>
In many languages, the word for “word” seems to be co-lexified
with “speech” (such as Latin <em>verbum</em> or Japanese <em>koto-ba</em>).<br>
The question would be, when one asks a speaker of a given
language to divide a sentence into words, would the number of
words be consistent throughout different speakers?<br>
It would be an interesting experiment. I’d be happy to be
informed of any previous study who conducted such an
experiment.</div>
</div>
<div name="messageSignatureSection"><br>
Regards,
<div dir="auto">Ian</div>
</div>
<div name="messageReplySection">On 26 Nov 2021, 2:56 PM +0800,
Martin Haspelmath <a class="moz-txt-link-rfc2396E" href="mailto:martin_haspelmath@eva.mpg.de"><martin_haspelmath@eva.mpg.de></a>, wrote:<br>
<blockquote type="cite" style="border-left-color: grey;
border-left-width: thin; border-left-style: solid; margin: 5px
5px;padding-left: 10px;">
I felt that Dixon & Aikhenvald's (2002) introductory
chapter was very interesting:<br>
<br>
<div class="csl-bib-body" style="line-height: 1.35;
margin-left: 2em; text-indent:-2em;">
<div class="csl-entry">Dixon, R. M. W & Aikhenvald,
Alexandra Y. 2002. Word: A typological framework. In
Dixon, R. M.W & Aikhenvald, Alexandra Y. (eds.),
<i>Word: A cross-linguistic typology</i>, 1–41. Cambridge:
Cambridge University Press.</div>
<span class="Z3988" title="url_ver=Z39.88-2004&ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fzotero.org%3A2&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rft.genre=bookitem&rft.atitle=Word%3A%20A%20typological%20framework&rft.place=Cambridge&rft.publisher=Cambridge%20University%20Press&rft.aufirst=R.%20M.%20W&rft.aulast=Dixon&rft.au=R.%20M.%20W%20Dixon&rft.au=Alexandra%20Y%20Aikhenvald&rft.au=R.%20M.W%20Dixon&rft.au=Alexandra%20Y%20Aikhenvald&rft.date=2002&rft.pages=1%20%E2%80%93%2041&rft.spage=1%20&rft.epage=%2041"></span></div>
<br>
Thy say (p. 2-3) that "it appears that only some languages
actually have a lexeme with the meaning ‘word’... The vast
majority of languages spoken by small tribal groups (with from
a few hundred to a few thousand speakers) have a lexeme
meaning ‘(proper) name’ but none have the meaning ‘word’."<br>
<br>
Even Latin does not have a single word for 'word' (there is <i>verbum</i>,
<i>vox</i>,
<i>sermo</i>, and <i>dictio</i>, the latter a technical
calque from Greek <i>léxis</i>).<br>
<br>
(Dixon & Aikhenvald's 2002 paper was a major inspiration
for my 2011 paper on the indeterminacy of word segmentation.)<br>
<br>
Martin<br>
<br>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">Am 26.11.21 um 07:16 schrieb JOO,
Ian [Student]:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite" cite="mid:27795b84-8c76-49e6-b41c-ed4b87fc3b7e@Spark">
<div name="messageBodySection">
<div dir="auto">Dear typologists,<br>
<br>
As you may know already, the concept of “word” is
notoriously hard to define.<br>
Without getting into that, is the concept of wordhood
attested cross-linguistically?<br>
In other words, do people with different language
backgrounds believe that there is such a thing as a
“word”, and do what people perceive as a “word” tend to
be roughly the same concept?<br>
Which boils down to two questions:</div>
<ol type="1">
<li>Do many languages have a native, monomorphemic word
for “word”?</li>
<li>If so, do these words for “word” refer to roughly
the same (or, at least, similar) concept?</li>
</ol>
<div dir="auto">I would like to examine whether wordhood
is a psychological reality shared by speakers of
different languages.</div>
</div>
<div name="messageSignatureSection"><br>
Regards,
<div dir="auto">Ian</div>
</div>
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<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
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