<div dir="ltr"><div>Dear all,</div><div><br></div><div>Another case which I think can hardly be accounted for if the crucial difference between affixes and clitics is simply 'promiscuity' is that of Romance diminutive affixes that can attach to both nouns and verbs, following the root but preceding the class-specific inflection: e.g. It. <i>-icchi </i>[ikj] (N: <i>avvocat-icchi-o, </i>'incompetent, unreliable lawyer'; V: <i>dorm-icchi-are</i>, 'take a nap, sleep discontinuously'); Pt. -<i>isc </i>[iʃk] (N: <i>chuv-isc-o</i>, 'slight rain'; V: <i>namor-isc-ar</i>, 'have a flirt'). If we regard these as clitics owing to their promiscuity, then we would be forced to analyse the inflectional endings to their right as clitics as well (since of course a clitic cannot separate an affix from its host). Note that, in most of these cases, it is impossible to just assume that the morpheme attaches to a nominal base which is then converted into a verbal one (or vice versa).</div><div><br></div><div>Cheers,</div><div>Riccardo<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Vladimir Panov <<a href="mailto:panovmeister@gmail.com">panovmeister@gmail.com</a>> escreveu no dia segunda, 6/12/2021 à(s) 12:11:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">P.S. A colleague has just pointed out that according to Martin's recent paper (<a href="https://zenodo.org/record/4628279#.Ya3vGypBxPY" target="_blank">https://zenodo.org/record/4628279#.Ya3vGypBxPY</a>), the Latin inflectional endings are indeed not affixes, sorry for having overlooked it. This is very counterintuitive, but it really may be the right way to look at them.</div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">пн, 6 дек. 2021 г. в 11:33, Vladimir Panov <<a href="mailto:panovmeister@gmail.com" target="_blank">panovmeister@gmail.com</a>>:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Dear Alex & all,</div><div><br></div><div>I cannot help joining this discussion as the topic is extremely interesting and very controversial.</div><div><br></div><div>Here I would like to mostly reply to Martin. For a while, after having read your whole series of articles on the issue, I have found your definition of clitics very useful and the least controversial, and I have used it myself in my own work. However, recently, I have realized that it is not completely unproblematic either. Here are a couple of controversies, which are mostly related to the notion of promiscuous attachment.</div><div><br></div><div>(a) Let's say that "attaches to" means "immediately precedes or follows". But then if we take, say, the European prepositions, in many cases this is true that they "attach" to words of different syntactic classes. Say, in "in sum" in attaches to a noun "sum", "in a house" it attaches to the indefinite article, and "in these beautiful houses" it attaches to a deictic element, and then an adjective follows as well. However, the set of elements<i> in</i> is able to attach to is limited to what constitutes the English noun phrase (it cannot attach to verbs or adverbs). Therefore, <i>in</i> always attaches to the English noun phrase from the left, no matter what constitutes it. Therefore, it is kind of "promiscuous" in your strict sense, but it is not promiscuous on a higher level, therefore it is also a kind of a prefix. This made many linguists talk of "phrasal affixes", which makes sense after all. Moreover, if we take a language in which a noun obligatorily occupies the first slot in the noun phrase such a Hebrew (if we ignore the article), then it turns out that its prepositions are not promiscuous, whereas those of English are, which is very counterintuitive, I would say. Rather, it would be more intuitive to say that in both Hebrew and English prepositions attach to the noun phrase from the left, but the orders of elements within their noun phrases are different.</div><div><br></div><div>(b) One can look even closer at the elements whose attachment is promiscuous, but whose promiscuity is very limited. For example, adjectives and nouns are definitely different word classes in Latin. However, they share a large part of their inflectional endings. Indeed, we have <i>lup-us bon-us</i> 'wolf-nom.sg.m good-nom.sg.m' and <i>lup-a bon-a</i> 'wolf-nom.sg.f good-nom.sg.f'. Then it turns out that according to your definition, the inflectional endings of Latin are to be treated as clitics in cross-linguistic studies. Is this a good solution?</div><div><br></div><div>I still believe that with your definition, we are on the right path, but maybe we need some more specifications.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Vadimir</div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">ср, 1 дек. 2021 г. в 08:53, Alexander Rice <<a href="mailto:ax.h.rice@gmail.com" target="_blank">ax.h.rice@gmail.com</a>>:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div dir="ltr"><div>Dear typologists</div><div><br></div><div>I'm working with a variety of Quechua, I have a set of three morphemes. They and their equivalents in related varieties are traditionally analyzed as evidential enclitcs or suffixes.</div><div><br></div><div>However in some data that I've been working with recently I've noticed a couple of interesting behaviours of these enclitics:</div><div><br></div><div>1) They sometimes manifest as pro-clitics but only on the copular verb and in a much more phonologically reduced from</div><div><br></div><div>2) At least one of the three appears to manifest as a phonologically independent "word'. A native speaker with whom I work sometimes transcribes the clitic as a separate word, and upon my review of the recordings, many of these do appear to be phonologically independent from what would usually be the phonological host, and in some instances, they occur at the beginning of an intonational unit.</div><div><br></div><div>I wonder if any of you have encountered or know of similar phenomena, any references would be most appreciated.</div><div><br></div><div>Best,</div><div>Alex<br></div></div>
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</blockquote></div><br clear="all"><br>-- <br><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div>Riccardo Giomi, Ph.D.<br></div>University of Liège</div><div dir="ltr">
Département de langues modernes : linguistique, littérature et traduction</div><div dir="ltr">Research group <i>Linguistique contrastive et typologie des langues</i></div><div>F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral fellow (CR - FC 43095)</div><div><i></i></div></div></div>