<div dir="ltr"><div>Dear Jess, dear Peter,</div><div><br></div><div>Thank you very much for your contributions. This is exactly the kind of references I am looking for!</div><div><br></div><div>For those interested, the relation between reflexive and 'refactive' (a term which I confess I didn't know) is also investigated in</div><div><br></div><div>Moyse-Faurie, Claire.
2012. The concept 'return' as a source of different developments in Oceanic languages. <i>Oceanic Linguistics </i>51(1), 234-260.
</div><div><br></div><div>Best wishes,</div><div>R<br></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">Peter Arkadiev <<a href="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru">peterarkadiev@yandex.ru</a>> escreveu no dia quarta, 8/12/2021 à(s) 19:50:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>Dear Riccardo, dear typologists,</div><div> </div><div>in Northwest Caucasian languages reflexive (as well as reciprocal) constructions often contain, in addition to a dedicated reflexive (resp. reciprocal) marker, an optional refactive ('back, again') suffix. See examples from West Circassian here:</div><div>Arkadiev, Peter & Alexander Letuchiy. 2011. Prefixes and suffixes in the Adyghe polysynthetic wordform: Types of interaction. In: Vittorio S. Tomelleri, Manana Topadze & Anna Lukianowicz (eds.), Languages and Cultures in the Caucasus. Munchen, Berlin: Otto Sagner, 2011, pp. 495—514.</div><div><a href="https://inslav.ru/images/stories/people/arkadiev/ArkadievLetuchij_2011_AdyghePrefSuff.pdf" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">https://inslav.ru/images/stories/people/arkadiev/ArkadievLetuchij_2011_AdyghePrefSuff.pdf</a></div><div> </div><div>On the relations between reflexive and refactive, see</div><div><div>Stoynova, Natalia. 2009. Repetitive and reflexive: Semantic and cross-linguistic relations. Handout of the talk at Young Linguists’ Meeting in Poznan.</div><div><div>Stoynova, Natalia. 2010. Refleksivnye i refaktivnye značenija: semantičeskie i tipologičeskie svjazi [Reflexive and refactive meanings: semantic and typological links]. Vestnik Moskovskogo universiteta. Ser. 9, Filologija 3: 115–132.</div><div> </div><div>Best regards,</div><div> </div><div>Peter</div></div></div><div> </div><div> </div><div>08.12.2021, 20:16, "Riccardo Giomi" <<a href="mailto:rgiomi@campus.ul.pt" target="_blank">rgiomi@campus.ul.pt</a>>:</div><blockquote><div><div>Dear typologists,</div><div> </div><div>I am looking for languages in which, with some predicates at least, unambiguous expression of reflexivity is only attained by combining two separate markers. Typically, the elements participating in such "double-reflexive" constructions (quotes needed) belong to one of the following, broadly-defined classes:</div><div> </div><div>- a valency-decreasing "middle" marker / intransitivizer (usually, though not necessarily a bound morpheme);</div><div> </div><div>- a reflexive, personal or logophoric pronoun;</div><div> </div><div>- a so-called reflexive intensifier, i.e. an element that functions like English reflexive pronouns in appositional or adverbial position (e.g. <em>I myself swept the ground / I swept the ground myself</em>).</div><div> </div><div>Below are a few examples of possible combinations of such elements (I have harmonized the glosses used by the various authors):</div><div>Intransitivizer + reflexive pronoun: Kuuk Thaayorre</div><div><img alt="immagine.png" src="cid:17d9b6b4270fdd27a8c5" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="349" height="77"></div><div> </div><div>Intransitivizer + personal pronoun: Hmwaveke</div><div><img alt="immagine.png" src="cid:17d9b6b4270fdd27a8c4" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="235" height="83"></div><div> </div><div>Intransitivizer + intensifier (attached to the (subject) nominal and glossed 'SELF'): Dyirbal</div><div><img alt="immagine.png" src="cid:17d9b6b4270fdd27a8c3" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="197" height="84"></div><div> </div><div>Intransitivizer + intensifier (attached to the verb): Mezquital Otomí</div><div><img alt="immagine.png" src="cid:17d9b6b4270fdd27a8c2" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="253" height="71"></div><div><p style="font-family:"calibri",sans-serif;font-size:11pt;line-height:115%;margin:0cm;text-align:justify">(Gast & Siemund 2006: 368. The authors also give an example in which the intensifier takes the longer form <em><span lang="EN-GB">sε̌hε̒</span> </em>and occurs as an unbound adverb-like element.)</p></div><div> </div><div>Intensifier (marked ergative, in apposition to the (subject) nominal) + personal/logophoric pronoun (marked absolutive) : Tsakhur</div><div><img alt="immagine.png" src="cid:17d9b6b426ffdd27a8c1" style="margin-right: 0px;" width="272" height="92"></div><div> </div><div>If any of you is aware of a language in which "double marking" of reflexivity is the only option, that would be especially helpful; but, more generally, I am interested in all such constructions -- or possibly other, comparable ones which I may be leaving out of the picture. (Please don't bother signalling Germanic or Romance data like German <em>sich + selbst</em> or Spanish <em>si + a si mismo</em> -- I am already taking those into account.)</div><div> </div><div>Many thanks in advance, best wishes,</div><div>Riccardo</div><div> </div><div>References</div><div><span lang="EN-GB">Dik, Simon C. 1983. The Status of verbal reflexives. In Liliane Tasmowski & Dominique Willems (eds.), <em>Problems in syntax</em>, 231–255. New York & London: Plenum Press.</span></div><div><span lang="EN-GB">Gaby, Alice. 2006. <em>A grammar of Kuuk Thaayorre.</em> Melbourne: University of Melbourne dissertation.</span></div><div><span lang="EN-GB">Gast, Volker & Peter Siemund. 2006. Rethinking the relationship between SELF-intensifiers and reflexives". <em>Linguistics</em> 44(2), 343-381.</span></div><div><span lang="EN-GB">Lyutikova, Ekaterina A. 2000. Reflexives and emphasis in Tsaxur (Nakh-Dagestanian). In </span><span lang="EN-GB"> Z. Frajzyngier and T. Curl (eds.), </span><span lang="EN-GB"><em>Reflexives: Forms and Functions, </em>227-255. Amsterdam: John Benjamins. </span></div><div><span lang="EN-GB">Moyse-Faurie, Claire. 2008. Constructions expressing middle, reflexive and reciprocal situations in some Oceanic languages. In Ekkehard König & Volker Gast (eds.), <em>Reciprocals</em> <em>and reflexives: Theoretical and typological explorations</em>, 105–168. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.</span></div><div><br>--<div><div><div><div>Riccardo Giomi, Ph.D.</div>University of Liège</div><div>Département de langues modernes : linguistique, littérature et traduction</div><div>Research group <em>Linguistique contrastive et typologie des langues</em></div><div>F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral fellow (CR - FC 43095)</div><div> </div></div></div></div></div>,<p>_______________________________________________<br>Lingtyp mailing list<br><a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br><a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a></p></blockquote><div> </div><div> </div><div>-- </div><div>Peter Arkadiev, PhD Habil.</div><div>Institute of Slavic Studies</div><div>Russian Academy of Sciences</div><div>Leninsky prospekt 32-A 119334 Moscow</div><div><a href="mailto:peterarkadiev@yandex.ru" target="_blank">peterarkadiev@yandex.ru</a></div><div><a href="http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev" target="_blank">http://inslav.ru/people/arkadev-petr-mihaylovich-peter-arkadiev</a></div><div> </div></blockquote></div>