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Dear Riccardo, </div>
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There are some cases in Mayan that may be relevant to what you are looking for. Typically in Mayan the reflexive/reciprocal involves a transitive verb followed a possessed reflexive element. However, some Mayan languages either allow or require that the verb
take an agent focus/antipassive form as well, regardless of whether the context would usually require agent focus/antipassive construction syntactically. The AF/AP + refl structure is reportedly obligatory in Mam. </div>
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All the best, </div>
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Raina </div>
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Referenc<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">es: </span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Heaton, Raina. 2021.
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: none;">Antipassive and antipassive-like constructions in Mayan languages. In
</span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: none;"><i>Antipassive: Typology, diachrony, and related constructions</i></span><span style="font-size: 12pt; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; border: none;">,
ed. by Katarzyna Janic and Alena Witzlack-Makarevich, 549-578. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.
</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">[see section 3.3.2; reflexive/reciprocal constructions in Mayan generally]</span></div>
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</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Aissen, Judith. 2017. Correlates of ergativi</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">ty in Mayan</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">.
</span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i>Oxford Handbook of Ergativity</i></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">, ed. by </span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">Jessica
Coon, Diane Massam & Lisa Travis</span><span style="color: black; font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.5in;">, 737–758. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
</span><o:p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.5in; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"> </span></o:p></div>
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<o:p style="font-family: "Times New Roman", serif; font-size: 12pt; text-indent: -0.5in; font-style: inherit; font-variant-ligatures: inherit; font-variant-caps: inherit; font-weight: inherit;"><br>
</o:p></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Heaton, Raina. 2017. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">A
Typology of Antipassives, with Special Reference </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">to
Mayan. Dissertation, University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">[see section 12.5; on K'ichean languages specifically]</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">Coon, Jessica. 2016. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Mayan
morphosyntax. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);"><i>Language and Linguistic </i></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><i style="">Compass</i></span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-style: normal;">,
Special issue: Mayan linguistics 10(10): 515-550.</span></div>
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<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;"><br>
</span></div>
<div style="font-family: Calibri, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">
<span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt;">England, Nora. 1983.<i> A grammar of Mam</i>. </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">Austin: </span><span style="font-family: Calibri, Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; color: rgb(0, 0, 0);">University
of Texas Press.</span></div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Mark Post <mark.post@sydney.edu.au><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, December 8, 2021 9:37 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> Riccardo Giomi <rgiomi@campus.ul.pt><br>
<b>Cc:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] "Double reflexive" constructions</font>
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Dear Riccardo,</div>
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Related to Randy’s case below, in Macro-Tani languages (Trans-Himalayan; Arunachal Pradesh, India and Tibet) an unambiguous reflexive requires both predicate marking and a reflexive NP (noun or pronoun). If there’s a reflexive NP, the predicate marking is obligatory.
If there’s only predicate marking, the sense can be ambiguous between reflexive (transitive stems only) and autonomous/emphatic (all stem types). The difference between the Macro-Tani case and the Dulong-Rawang case is that in Macro-Tani, the predicate suffix
doesn’t detransitivize. </div>
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Hope that helps,</div>
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Mark</div>
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<a href="https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0218" class="">https://doi.org/10.1515/ling-2020-0218</a></div>
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<a href="https://www.academia.edu/44850522/Subject_autonomy_marking_in_Macro_Tani_and_the_typology_of_middle_voice" class="">https://www.academia.edu/44850522/Subject_autonomy_marking_in_Macro_Tani_and_the_typology_of_middle_voice</a></div>
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<div class="">On 9 Dec 2021, at 1:33 pm, Randy J. LaPolla <<a href="mailto:randy.lapolla@gmail.com" class="">randy.lapolla@gmail.com</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div class=""><span class="" style="font-family:Helvetica; font-size:12px; font-style:normal; font-variant-caps:normal; font-weight:normal; letter-spacing:normal; text-align:start; text-indent:0px; text-transform:none; white-space:normal; word-spacing:0px; text-decoration:none; float:none; display:inline!important">Dear
Riccardo,</span>
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The Dulong-Rawang language (Tibeto-Burman; northern Myanmar and south-western China) has a reflexive/middle marker that can be used with an emphatic pronoun, but doesn’t have to be. It is interesting to me that the languages you mention require a separate intransitiviser,
as in Dulong-Rawang the middle marker is itself used as an intransitiviser in non-reflexive/middle situations. See the following two papers for examples:</div>
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<span lang="EN-AU" class="">LaPolla, Randy J. & Yang, Jiangling. 2005. Reflexive and middle marking in Dulong-Rawang.<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Himalayan Linguistics</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>2: 1-13.</span> </div>
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<a href="https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/pC87CzvkyVCMBQkoEC4SEHq?domain=dropbox.com" class="">https://www.dropbox.com/s/a0re9pcpsezi1i6/LaPolla_and_Yang_2005_Reflexive_and_Middle_Marking_in_Dulong-Rawang.pdf?dl=0</a></div>
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LaPolla, Randy J. 2000. Valency-changing derivations in Dulong/Rawang. In R. M. W. Dixon & Alexandra Y. Aikhenvald (eds.),<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Changing valency: Case studies in</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">transitivity</i>,
282-311. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. </div>
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<a href="https://protect-au.mimecast.com/s/VgTeCANpgjCNoLwABu8kMdc?domain=dropbox.com" class="">https://www.dropbox.com/s/rpz79eaat3ofafe/LaPolla_2000_Valency-changing_Derivations_in_Dulong_Rawang.pdf?dl=0</a> </div>
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Hope this helps.</div>
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All the best,</div>
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Randy</div>
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<span class="" style="font-size:13px">——</span><br class="" style="font-size:13px">
<span class="" style="font-size:13px">Professor Randy J. LaPolla（罗仁地), PhD FAHA </span><br class="" style="font-size:13px">
<span class="" style="font-size:13px">Center for Language Sciences</span><br class="" style="font-size:13px">
<span class="" style="font-size:13px">Institute for Advanced Studies in Humanities and Social Sciences</span><br class="" style="font-size:13px">
<span class="" style="font-size:13px">Beijing Normal University, Zhuhai Campus</span><br class="" style="font-size:13px">
<span class="" style="font-size:13px">A302, Muduo Building, #18 Jinfeng Road, Zhuhai City, Guangdong, China</span><br class="" style="font-size:13px">
<br class="" style="font-size:13px">
<div class="" style="font-size:13px">邮编：519000<br class="">
广东省珠海市唐家湾镇金凤路18号木铎楼A302<br class="">
北京师范大学珠海校区<br class="">
人文和社会科学高等研究院<br class="">
语言科学研究中心 </div>
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<div class="">On 9 Dec 2021, at 1:15 AM, Riccardo Giomi <<a href="mailto:rgiomi@campus.ul.pt" class="">rgiomi@campus.ul.pt</a>> wrote:</div>
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<div class="">Dear typologists,</div>
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</div>
<div class="">I am looking for languages in which, with some predicates at least, unambiguous expression of reflexivity is only attained by combining two separate markers. Typically, the elements participating in such "double-reflexive" constructions (quotes
needed) belong to one of the following, broadly-defined classes:</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">- a valency-decreasing "middle" marker / intransitivizer (usually, though not necessarily a bound morpheme);</div>
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</div>
<div class="">- a reflexive, personal or logophoric pronoun;</div>
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</div>
<div class="">- a so-called reflexive intensifier, i.e. an element that functions like English reflexive pronouns in appositional or adverbial position (e.g.<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">I myself swept the ground / I swept the ground
myself</i>).<br class="">
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<div class="">Below are a few examples of possible combinations of such elements (I have harmonized the glosses used by the various authors):<br class="">
</div>
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</div>
<div class="">Intransitivizer + reflexive pronoun: Kuuk Thaayorre</div>
<div class=""><span id="x_cid:ii_kwxpr3ky0" class=""><immagine.png></span></div>
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<div class="">Intransitivizer + personal pronoun: Hmwaveke<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><span id="x_cid:ii_kwxpyjb02" class=""><immagine.png></span></div>
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<div class="">Intransitivizer + intensifier (attached to the (subject) nominal and glossed 'SELF'): Dyirbal</div>
<div class=""><span id="x_cid:ii_kwxqz8tc4" class=""><immagine.png></span></div>
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</div>
<div class="">Intransitivizer + intensifier (attached to the verb): Mezquital Otomí</div>
<div class=""><span id="x_cid:ii_kwxqofs63" class=""><immagine.png></span><br class="">
</div>
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<div class="" style="margin:0cm; text-align:justify; line-height:16.866666793823242px; font-size:11pt; font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">
(Gast & Siemund 2006: 368. The authors also give an example in which the intensifier takes the longer form<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">sε̌hε̒<span class=""></span></span><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>and
occurs as an unbound adverb-like element.)<br class="">
</div>
</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">Intensifier (marked ergative, in apposition to the (subject) nominal) + personal/logophoric pronoun (marked absolutive) : Tsakhur<br class="">
</div>
<div class=""><span id="x_cid:ii_kwxrhh6l5" class=""><immagine.png></span><br class="">
</div>
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</div>
<div class="">If any of you is aware of a language in which "double marking" of reflexivity is the only option, that would be especially helpful; but, more generally, I am interested in all such constructions -- or possibly other, comparable ones which I may
be leaving out of the picture. (Please don't bother signalling Germanic or Romance data like German<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">sich + selbst</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>or Spanish<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">si +
a si mismo</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>-- I am already taking those into account.)<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><br class="">
</div>
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</div>
<div class="">Many thanks in advance, best wishes,</div>
<div class="">Riccardo</div>
<div class=""><br class="">
</div>
<div class="">References</div>
<div class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Dik, Simon C. 1983. The Status of verbal reflexives. In Liliane Tasmowski & Dominique Willems (eds.),<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Problems in syntax</i>, 231–255. New York & London: Plenum
Press.</span><span lang="EN-GB" class=""></span><span lang="EN-GB" class=""><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Gaby, Alice. 2006.<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">A grammar of Kuuk Thaayorre.</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>Melbourne: University of Melbourne dissertation.<span class=""></span></span><span lang="EN-GB" class=""></span><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><span lang="EN-GB" class=""><br class="">
</span></div>
<div class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Gast, Volker & Peter Siemund. 2006. Rethinking the relationship between SELF-intensifiers and reflexives".<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Linguistics</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span>44(2),
343-381.</span></div>
<div class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Lyutikova, Ekaterina A. 2000. Reflexives and emphasis in Tsaxur (Nakh-Dagestanian). In<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Z. Frajzyngier and T. Curl (eds.),<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span lang="EN-GB" class=""><i class="">Reflexives:
Forms and Functions,<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span></i>227-255. Amsterdam: John Benjamins.</span></div>
<div class=""><span lang="EN-GB" class="">Moyse-Faurie, Claire. 2008. Constructions expressing middle, reflexive and reciprocal situations in some Oceanic languages. In Ekkehard König & Volker Gast (eds.),<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Reciprocals</i><span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">and
reflexives: Theoretical and typological explorations</i>, 105–168. Berlin & New York: Mouton de Gruyter.<span class=""></span></span></div>
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<div class="">Riccardo Giomi, Ph.D.<br class="">
</div>
University of Liège</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="">Département de langues modernes : linguistique, littérature et traduction</div>
<div dir="ltr" class="">Research group<span class="x_Apple-converted-space"> </span><i class="">Linguistique contrastive et typologie des langues</i></div>
<div class="">F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral fellow (CR - FC 43095)</div>
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