<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Dear Riccardo, dear all,<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Finnish has a parallel to the Portuguese example:</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><i class="">pää <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>kiinni, <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>se-n-kin <span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>pässi!</i></div><div class=""><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">head<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>closed<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>it-GEN-FOC.P<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space:pre"> </span>oaf</span></div><div class=""><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">‘Shut up, you idiot!’</span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><i class="">Senkin, </i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">genitive form of the demonstrative/anaphoric pronoun </span><i class="">se </i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">plus the focus particle </span><i class="">-kin, </i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">often translatable with ‘also, too, even’, seems to be lexicalized specifically as an insult marker (beside its regular use, as in </span><i class="">hän osti senkin auton </i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">‘s/he bought even that car as well’). It has always seemed obvious to me that </span><i class="">se </i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">here is originally an euphemistic placeholder for a stronger negative affect word (cf. </span><i class="">saatana-n pässi </i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">lit. “Satan's oaf”), but I don't know if anyone has really researched this. (For the role of </span><i class="">-kin </i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">here, I would check Lauri Carlson’s 1993 article "Dialogue games with Finnish clitcs", appeared in </span><i class="">SKY Yearbook of the Linguistic Association of Finland </i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">6 (1993), or Aarne Ranta's article in </span><a href="https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-30773-7_14" class="">https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-642-30773-7_14</a> , but neither of them seems to be publicly accessible and I'm not sure whether they have specifically dealt with <i class="">senkin.</i><span style="font-style: normal;" class="">)</span></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Best</div><div class="">Johanna Laakso<br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">Riccardo Giomi <<a href="mailto:rgiomi@campus.ul.pt" class="">rgiomi@campus.ul.pt</a>> kirjoitti 14.12.2021 kello 19.49:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="">Dear all,</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">A student of mine would like to investigate the linguistic coding of insults across languages. She is particularly interested in finding out whether languages can have dedicated (uses of) grammatical forms/constructions for this specific purpose. The best example I could come up with so far is the use of the Portuguese third person reflexive possessive adjective (determiner in Brazilian Portuguese) <i class="">seu/sua</i> with epithets which are meant as insults. An example would be</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><i class="">Cala=te, seu burro!</i></div><div class=""><a href="http://shut.up.imp.2.sg/" class="">shut.up.IMP.2.SG</a>=2.SG.OBJ 3.SG.REFL.POSS <a href="http://donkey.m.sg/" class="">donkey.M.SG</a></div><div class=""></div><div class="">'Shut up, you idiot!'</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">(Where, funnily enough, the third person of the adjective/determiner is presumably the polite form!) This is an interesting case, I think, because as far as I can see you never use <i class="">seu/sua </i>in 'plain' vocatives, nor with terms of endearment, nor, for that matter, with NPs which are not used as invocations. <br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I am wondering whether anyone is aware of a language which has some grammaticalized form or construction that can be used in this specific way. Note that I am not interested in, say, abusive pronouns or honorifics or general expressions of the speaker's disappointment ('frustrative' markers) but only in grammaticalized means of marking the speech act as an insult.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Many thanks in advance and best wishes to all,</div><div class="">Riccardo<br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">-- <br class=""><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr" class=""><div dir="ltr" class=""><div class="">Riccardo Giomi, Ph.D.<br class=""></div>University of Liège</div><div dir="ltr" class="">
Département de langues modernes : linguistique, littérature et traduction</div><div dir="ltr" class="">Research group <i class="">Linguistique contrastive et typologie des langues</i></div><div class="">F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral fellow (CR - FC 43095)</div><div class=""><i class=""></i></div></div></div></div></div>
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<div dir="auto" style="caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; line-height: normal; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; border-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-decorations-in-effect: none; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;"><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class=""><div class="">--</div><div class="">Univ.Prof. Dr. Johanna Laakso</div><div class="">Universität Wien, Institut für Europäische und Vergleichende Sprach- und Literaturwissenschaft (EVSL)</div><div class="">Abteilung Finno-Ugristik</div><div class="">Campus AAKH Spitalgasse 2-4 Hof 7</div><div class="">A-1090 Wien</div><div class=""><a href="mailto:johanna.laakso@univie.ac.at" class="">johanna.laakso@univie.ac.at</a> • <a href="http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Johanna.Laakso/" class="">http://homepage.univie.ac.at/Johanna.Laakso/</a></div><div class="">Project ELDIA: <a href="http://www.eldia-project.org/" class="">http://www.eldia-project.org/</a> </div><div class=""><br class=""></div></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div></span><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"></div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><br class="Apple-interchange-newline">
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