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Hello, </div>
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Doesn't the English "you idiot" (you [insult]) qualify as an example? </div>
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Copula-free adposition is not standard in English predication, and it seems largely limited to second person sing and derogatory adjectives? </div>
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French has "espèce d'idiot" - not sure whether it qualifies as grammatical or lexical. </div>
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Cheers, Maïa</div>
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<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>From:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> on behalf of Jussi Ylikoski <jussi.ylikoski@oulu.fi><br>
<b>Sent:</b> Wednesday, 15 December 2021 6:09 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Subject:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Grammatical marking of insults (?)</font>
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Dear Riccardo and all,</div>
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D’Avis and Meibauer's paper "Du Idiot! Din idiot! Pseudo-vocative constructions and insults in German (and Swedish)" (<a href="https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.degruyter.com%2Fdocument%2Fdoi%2F10.1515%2F9783110304176.189%2Fhtml&data=04%7C01%7Cmaia.ponsonnet%40uwa.edu.au%7Ccc94c4625b3c491e5c2808d9bf4e9dc5%7C05894af0cb2846d8871674cdb46e2226%7C0%7C0%7C637751168309659999%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=Qm0dhs6L0wUoC0ozwJeshZnGlztNFYs2tB0%2FwjH91yo%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110304176.189/html" shash="TrQxAJRtm1zhr7avWoy4Hq/soY8w7XzF6m2ioAgzaSF9kQ9BGEMw8rKuRm5Ps31SIZ+CfaDT2NVukLdDl7z097XWBvk3zJr4Gmom9bI/wNxJm3iUNnmMvtmUM7lsaMgsWiaZeJFHuHXGEaP2x3UVoRZpZV1EH9/96y3nSn30R9M=" id="LPNoLPOWALinkPreview">https://www.degruyter.com/document/doi/10.1515/9783110304176.189/html</a>)
might be of interest; see also the thirty studies referring to this paper according to Google Scholar:
<a href="https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fscholar.google.com%2Fscholar%3Fcites%3D9645899484374998601&data=04%7C01%7Cmaia.ponsonnet%40uwa.edu.au%7Ccc94c4625b3c491e5c2808d9bf4e9dc5%7C05894af0cb2846d8871674cdb46e2226%7C0%7C0%7C637751168309659999%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=SiEIXLU6h58y3oPt6JDnSMiqxAD9CDEmDdvrhfbB%2F64%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=9645899484374998601" shash="kOV8lSamFzNWSnZeYrSygQPNHS9cenN9AoPLZf02nMyS6OMd597hNputQOP2nIvGz0tIc02D//L6kBN8akdBCgI8F09gsJ4XGEOm1S0EwlmaXaUE/hW+dLq9i0qQxlhWsnQtzycBCLIgFEz699mzuv+0Y2ujIbad+C0reFdigz0=" id="LPlnk878646">
https://scholar.google.com/scholar?cites=9645899484374998601</a> (and so forth).</div>
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Best regards,</div>
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Jussi<br>
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<div id="x_divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" color="#000000" style="font-size:11pt"><b>Frá:</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> fyrir hönd Sebastian Nordhoff <sebastian.nordhoff@glottotopia.de><br>
<b>Sent:</b> þriðjudagur, 14. desember 2021 22:50<br>
<b>Til:</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org <lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org><br>
<b>Efni:</b> Re: [Lingtyp] Grammatical marking of insults (?)</font>
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<div class="x_PlainText">Dear Riccardo,<br>
Sinhala has several levels of politeness in imperatives (marked by <br>
affixes), one of which would be rendered as "Do X, you $#!% !!!". I once <br>
nearly got beaten up when underestimating the impact that the use of <br>
this form can have. I can look up the reference if you want to.<br>
Best wishes<br>
Sebastian<br>
<br>
On 12/14/21 19:49, Riccardo Giomi wrote:<br>
> Dear all,<br>
> <br>
> A student of mine would like to investigate the linguistic coding of <br>
> insults across languages. She is particularly interested in finding out <br>
> whether languages can have dedicated (uses of) grammatical <br>
> forms/constructions for this specific purpose. The best example I could <br>
> come up with so far is the use of the Portuguese third person reflexive <br>
> possessive adjective (determiner in Brazilian Portuguese) /seu/sua/ with <br>
> epithets which are meant as insults. An example would be<br>
> <br>
> /Cala=te, seu burro!/<br>
> shut.up.IMP.2.SG <<a href="https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fshut.up.imp.2.sg%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cmaia.ponsonnet%40uwa.edu.au%7Ccc94c4625b3c491e5c2808d9bf4e9dc5%7C05894af0cb2846d8871674cdb46e2226%7C0%7C0%7C637751168309659999%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=Wsd38z3IS7%2FaqTyJkGPUkncKamWvN1IwGXTun%2F7NpTI%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="http://shut.up.imp.2.sg/" shash="wViUiXMAAeHJXktUq9s5DcmJ7RBVgLoBf/kYaA7Nim24NaYtswFi9K4SJqZvhCPBxoe1fMoU/hdwdsvgyrfoLJEal4sNfSJuCR2b/MYSNY4f6VD9pQdfEqDzHl8JdAgbCkeGN5SCT2819mo0klcwIUwrQYMStkXtOGrhmbA4/mM=">http://shut.up.IMP.2.SG</a>>=2.SG.OBJ
3.SG.REFL.POSS <br>
> donkey.M.SG <<a href="https://aus01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fdonkey.m.sg%2F&data=04%7C01%7Cmaia.ponsonnet%40uwa.edu.au%7Ccc94c4625b3c491e5c2808d9bf4e9dc5%7C05894af0cb2846d8871674cdb46e2226%7C0%7C0%7C637751168309659999%7CUnknown%7CTWFpbGZsb3d8eyJWIjoiMC4wLjAwMDAiLCJQIjoiV2luMzIiLCJBTiI6Ik1haWwiLCJXVCI6Mn0%3D%7C3000&sdata=DAnllkzoCwHEhKOA07WYqh25abAsY2i7%2Fp4%2Bmj134VM%3D&reserved=0" originalsrc="http://donkey.m.sg/" shash="zh2SNJThxGDubGirJfqT6JFo6A/NJuOWzMeEkNuwxUtsaObAvrKgk8RH6rSXQeyL7pGp6jPQP1dMqgwI3BPRfFVQyFDGof/raqHUvIQvw0sGodK5r4/Ts/Ggray25kXP0b42bwhsV5SsYRx8rKaK6iHyKnGHWKeEo72U5vQwKBY=">http://donkey.M.SG</a>><br>
> 'Shut up, you idiot!'<br>
> <br>
> (Where, funnily enough, the third person of the adjective/determiner is <br>
> presumably the polite form!) This is an interesting case, I think, <br>
> because as far as I can see you never use /seu/sua /in 'plain' <br>
> vocatives, nor with terms of endearment, nor, for that matter, with NPs <br>
> which are not used as invocations.<br>
> <br>
> I am wondering whether anyone is aware of a language which has some <br>
> grammaticalized form or construction that can be used in this specific <br>
> way. Note that I am not interested in, say, abusive pronouns or <br>
> honorifics or general expressions of the speaker's disappointment <br>
> ('frustrative' markers) but only in grammaticalized means of marking the <br>
> speech act as an insult.<br>
> <br>
> Many thanks in advance and best wishes to all,<br>
> Riccardo<br>
> <br>
> -- <br>
> Riccardo Giomi, Ph.D.<br>
> University of Liège<br>
> Département de langues modernes : linguistique, littérature et traduction<br>
> Research group /Linguistique contrastive et typologie des langues/<br>
> F.R.S.-FNRS Postdoctoral fellow (CR - FC 43095)<br>
> //<br>
> <br>
> _______________________________________________<br>
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