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<p class="MsoNormal">Dear Mohammad,</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">Malay/Indonesian has some of the things you are
searching
for.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">1.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>In
several
varieties of Malay/Indonesian, there is a particle (Standard
Malay/Indonesian <i>kah</i>,
Papuan Malay <i>ka</i>, Kupang Malay <i>ko</i>) whose variegated
functions
include (a) forming a polar question; and (b) marking a content
question, by
cooccuring with a WH word.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The
latter would
be an example of double marking of content questions.</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">2.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>The
verb <i>coba</i>,
whose basic meaning is 'try', is also commonly used as a polite
imperative
marker, and this latter use is also generalized to content
questions, where it seems
to mean something like "please try and answer this question". <span
style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>I believe <i>coba</i> does not
occur in polar
questions (though I would have to double check this).</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">In principle, the above two strategies should
be able to
cooccur with a WH word to yield what would be triple marking of
content
questions.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>However I was
not able to
find any clear cut examples of this in our corpus, and I suspect
that such
triple marking might be precluded by the contradictory semantic
values of the
two forms, the particle <i>kah/ka/ko</i> being associated with a
basic meaning
of uncertainty, while <i>coba</i> seeming to maintain its
implicit imperative
function.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>But this
requires further
thought ...</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"> </p>
<p class="MsoNormal">David</p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><br>
</p>
<p>
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<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On 16/12/2021 09:33, mohammad rasekh
wrote:<br>
</div>
<blockquote type="cite"
cite="mid:263454477.1451303.1639640015753@mail.yahoo.com">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=UTF-8">
<div class="ydpec90e0a7yahoo-style-wrap" style="font-size: 16px;
font-family: garamond, new york, times, serif;">
<div style="">
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;">Dear all,</div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;">A student of mine while
gathering a spoken corpus for a geographical variety of
Persian has noticed that this variety is using a fixed form
of the verb to see, 'bin-i' (see-2SG) as polar question
marker (1) and in content questions (2,3) along with
wh-word:</div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;">1) bin-i miy-<span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB">ād?</span></i></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"> see-2SG come-3SG</div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;">'Does s/he come?'</div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;">2) bin-i koj<span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB">ā-st?</span></i></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"><span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB"> see-2SG where-be.3SG</span></i></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"><span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB"> 'Where is s/he?'</span></i></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"><span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB"><br>
</span></i></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"> <span><span
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new
york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;">3) bin-i <span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB">ši <span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB">šod-e?</span></i></span></span></i></span></span></span><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"><span><span style="color:
rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new york, times,
serif; font-size: 16px;"><span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB"><span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB"> see-2SG what
become-3SG</span></i></span></span></i></span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"><span><span style="color:
rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new york, times,
serif; font-size: 16px;"><span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB"><span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB"> 'What happened?'</span></i></span></span></i></span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"><span><span style="color:
rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new york, times,
serif; font-size: 16px;"><span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB"><span><i><span
style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:Times
New
Roman,serif;mso-ascii-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-hansi-theme-font:major-bidi;mso-bidi-theme-font:major-bidi;color:black;mso-themecolor:text1;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"
lang="EN-GB"><br>
</span></i></span></span></i></span></span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><span><span
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new
york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;">Two questions:</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><span><span
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new
york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;">First: Is there
any other language which uses a polar question marker
originating from verb?</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><span><span
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new
york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;">Second: Is double
marking of content questions attested?</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><span><span
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new
york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;"><br>
</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><span><span
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new
york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;">All the best,</span></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style=""><span><span
style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new
york, times, serif; font-size: 16px;">Mohammad </span></span><br>
</div>
<div dir="ltr" data-setdir="false" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;"><span><span style="color:
rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: garamond, new york, times,
serif; font-size: 16px;"><br>
</span></span></div>
<div class="ydpec90e0a7signature" style="font-family:
garamond, new york, times, serif;">
<div style="font-family:garamond, times,
serif;font-size:13px;">
<div><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif"
color="#4c76a2">Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand </font></div>
<div><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif"
color="#4c76a2">Linguistics Department,</font></div>
<div><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif"
color="#4c76a2">Bu-Ali Sina University, </font></div>
<div><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif"
color="#4c76a2">Hamedan, Iran.</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica,
sans-serif" color="#4c76a2">Postal Code: 6517838695 </font></div>
<div><a
href="https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand"
rel="nofollow" target="_blank" moz-do-not-send="true"><font
size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif"
color="#4c76a2">https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand</font></a><br>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br>
<fieldset class="moz-mime-attachment-header"></fieldset>
<pre class="moz-quote-pre" wrap="">_______________________________________________
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</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091
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