<div dir='auto'>Dear David,<div dir="auto">Thank you very much. It seems that what you say about Malay is very similar to what we found in this Persian variety.</div><div dir="auto">Best</div><div dir="auto">Mohammad</div></div><div class="gmail_extra"><br><div class="gmail_quote">On 16 Dec 2021 15:26, David Gil <gil@shh.mpg.de> wrote:<br type="attribution" /><blockquote class="quote" style="margin:0 0 0 .8ex;border-left:1px #ccc solid;padding-left:1ex"><div>
<p>
</p>
<p>Dear Mohammad,</p>
<p> </p>
<p>Malay/Indonesian has some of the things you are
searching
for.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>1. In
several
varieties of Malay/Indonesian, there is a particle (Standard
Malay/Indonesian <i>kah</i>,
Papuan Malay <i>ka</i>, Kupang Malay <i>ko</i>) whose variegated
functions
include (a) forming a polar question; and (b) marking a content
question, by
cooccuring with a WH word. The
latter would
be an example of double marking of content questions.</p>
<p> </p>
<p>2. The
verb <i>coba</i>,
whose basic meaning is 'try', is also commonly used as a polite
imperative
marker, and this latter use is also generalized to content
questions, where it seems
to mean something like "please try and answer this question". I believe <i>coba</i> does not
occur in polar
questions (though I would have to double check this).</p>
<p> </p>
<p>In principle, the above two strategies should
be able to
cooccur with a WH word to yield what would be triple marking of
content
questions. However I was
not able to
find any clear cut examples of this in our corpus, and I suspect
that such
triple marking might be precluded by the contradictory semantic
values of the
two forms, the particle <i>kah/ka/ko</i> being associated with a
basic meaning
of uncertainty, while <i>coba</i> seeming to maintain its
implicit imperative
function. But this
requires further
thought ...</p>
<p> </p>
<p>David</p>
<p><br />
</p>
<p>
</p>
<div>On 16/12/2021 09:33, mohammad rasekh
wrote:<br />
</div>
<blockquote>
<div style="font-size:16px;font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif">
<div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif">Dear all,</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif">A student of mine while
gathering a spoken corpus for a geographical variety of
Persian has noticed that this variety is using a fixed form
of the verb to see, 'bin-i' (see-2SG) as polar question
marker (1) and in content questions (2,3) along with
wh-word:</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"><br />
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif">1) bin-i miy-<i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black">ād?</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"> see-2SG come-3SG</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif">'Does s/he come?'</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"><br />
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif">2) bin-i koj<i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black">ā-st?</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black"> see-2SG where-be.3SG</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black"> 'Where is s/he?'</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black"><br />
</span></i></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"> <span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px">3) bin-i <i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black">ši <i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black">šod-e?</span></i></span></i></span><br />
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black"> see-2SG what
become-3SG</span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black"> 'What happened?'</span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black"><i><span style="font-size:10pt;line-height:115%;font-family:'times new roman' , serif;color:black"><br />
</span></i></span></i></span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px">Two questions:</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px">First: Is there
any other language which uses a polar question marker
originating from verb?</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px">Second: Is double
marking of content questions attested?</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px"><br />
</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px">All the best,</span></div>
<div dir="ltr"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px">Mohammad </span><br />
</div>
<div dir="ltr" style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif"><span style="color:rgb( 0 , 0 , 0 );font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif;font-size:16px"><br />
</span></div>
<div style="font-family:'garamond' , 'new york' , 'times' , serif">
<div style="font-family:'garamond' , 'times' , serif;font-size:13px">
<div><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#4c76a2">Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand </font></div>
<div><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#4c76a2">Linguistics Department,</font></div>
<div><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#4c76a2">Bu-Ali Sina University, </font></div>
<div><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#4c76a2">Hamedan, Iran.</font></div>
<div dir="ltr"><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica,
sans-serif" color="#4c76a2">Postal Code: 6517838695 </font></div>
<div><a href="https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand"><font size="1" face="verdana, helvetica, sans-serif" color="#4c76a2">https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand</font></a><br />
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<br />
<fieldset></fieldset>
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</pre>
</blockquote>
<pre>--
David Gil
Senior Scientist (Associate)
Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution
Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology
Deutscher Platz 6, Leipzig, 04103, Germany
Email: <a href="mailto:gil@shh.mpg.de">gil@shh.mpg.de</a>
Mobile Phone (Israel): +972-526117713
Mobile Phone (Indonesia): +62-81344082091
</pre>
</div></blockquote></div><br></div>