<html>
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=Windows-1252">
</head>
<body>
<style type="text/css" style="display:none;"><!-- P {margin-top:0;margin-bottom:0;} --></style>
<div id="divtagdefaultwrapper" style="font-size:12pt;color:#000000;font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;" dir="ltr">
<p>Dear Jesus Francisco,</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>'Until getting tired' as a way of expressing 'for a very long time' is pervasive in West African languages, and is also found in local varieties of European languages (for example 'jusqu'à fatigué' in Ivorian French). I know of no general analysis of this
construction, but the reason is probably simply that that, syntactically, it behaves like any until-clause.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Note that the West African verbs commonly glossed 'tire' commonly have a wider meaning, including 'bother', 'cause problems'.</p>
<p><br>
</p>
<p>Best,</p>
<p>Denis<br>
</p>
</div>
<hr style="display:inline-block;width:98%" tabindex="-1">
<div id="divRplyFwdMsg" dir="ltr"><font face="Calibri, sans-serif" style="font-size:11pt" color="#000000"><b>De :</b> Lingtyp <lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org> de la part de Jesus Francisco Olguin Martinez <olguinmartinez@ucsb.edu><br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> mercredi 5 janvier 2022 16:56:31<br>
<b>À :</b> lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org<br>
<b>Objet :</b> [Lingtyp] 'until' clauses in Africa</font>
<div> </div>
</div>
<div>
<div dir="ltr">
<div dir="ltr">
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="georgia, serif" style="">Dear all,<br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="georgia, serif">I hope this email finds you well.</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="georgia, serif"><br>
</font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="georgia, serif" style="">I send you this message because in my sample there are a couple of African languages (e.g. Tommo So and Bangime) that
<span style="color:black;text-align:justify">have a narrative construction in which the
</span><i style="color:black;text-align:justify">until</i><span style="color:black;text-align:justify">-clause appears with a verb meaning ‘to get tired’ (e.g.
<i>I worked I worked until I get tired</i>). </span><span style="color:black;text-align:justify">Note that this clause does not necessarily denote literal weariness or physical fatigue. Instead, this construction is used in contexts where speakers express that
they carried out an activity for a very long time (e.g. <i>I worked I worked for a very long time</i>). In this type of construction, </span><span style="color:black;text-align:justify"> the first clause in linear order denotes a prolonged activity and is
followed by a clause meaning ‘until I got tired’ emphasizing the extreme prolongation of the first situation. </span></font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="georgia, serif" style=""><span style="color:black;text-align:justify"><br>
</span></font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="georgia, serif" style=""><span style="color:black;text-align:justify">I was wondering if you know any study that has explored this type of construction or if you know any other African languages that have this
type of construction.</span></font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><span style="color:black;text-align:justify;font-family:georgia,serif"><br>
</span></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><span style="color:black;text-align:justify;font-family:georgia,serif">Thank you very much in advance.</span><br>
</div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="georgia, serif" style=""><span style="color:black;text-align:justify"><br>
</span></font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style=""><font face="georgia, serif" style=""><span style="color:black;text-align:justify">Best,</span></font></div>
<div class="gmail_default" style="font-family:georgia,serif;font-size:small"><br>
</div>
-- <br>
<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature">
<div dir="ltr">
<div style="font-family:Calibri,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:16px;color:rgb(33,33,33);margin:0px">
<font face="AR CENA"><span style="font-size:14.6667px">Jesús Olguín Martínez</span></font></div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:15px;margin:0px">
<font face="Calibri,sans-serif" size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt"><font face="AR CENA">Ph.D. Candidate, Dept. of Linguistics</font></span></font></div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:15px;margin:0px">
<font face="Calibri,sans-serif" size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt"><font face="AR CENA"><i>University of California, Santa Barbara (UCSB)</i></font></span></font></div>
<div style="color:rgb(33,33,33);font-family:wf_segoe-ui_normal,"Segoe UI","Segoe WP",Tahoma,Arial,sans-serif,serif,EmojiFont;font-size:15px;margin:0px">
<font face="Calibri,sans-serif" size="2"><span style="font-size:11pt"><font face="AR CENA"><a href="http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/people/jes%C3%BAs-olgu%C3%ADn-mart%C3%ADnez" style="color:rgb(17,85,204)" target="_blank">http://www.linguistics.ucsb.edu/people/jesús-olguín-martínez</a></font></span></font></div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</body>
</html>