<div dir="ltr"><font face="arial, sans-serif" size="4">Hi All,</font><div><font face="arial, sans-serif" size="4"><br></font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif" size="4">In Atong (A Tibeto-Burman/Sino-Tibetan language, as spoken in Northeast India), there is a postposition <<i>dabat></i> which limits an event in time, and can thus be translated as 'since' or 'until'. I am not sure if this word is analysable to (all) Atong speakers, but it's internal makeup is the prohibitive morpheme <da> followed by the verbal root <bat> 'cross'. It's literal meaning would be 'don't cross!'. This is an example of something that was at least historically negative, but, as far as I can tell, synchronically just a temporal specifier. Example (1) illustrates its use.</font></div><div><font face="arial, sans-serif" style="" size="4"> </font><br></div><div><span style="font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif">Example (1).</font></span></div><div>
<table class="gmail-MsoTableGrid" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none">
<tbody><tr>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">nang•</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">kheng</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=wa</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><b><u><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">dabat</font></i></u></b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">ang</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">thyi</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=cha</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><b><u><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">dabat</font></i></u></b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">2sg</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">be.alive</font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=acc</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps"><b>limit</b></span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">1sg</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">die</font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=neg</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps"><b><font face="arial, sans-serif">limit</font></b></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"> </font></p>
<table class="gmail-TableGrid1" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none">
<tbody><tr>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">ang</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=aw</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">mu•</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=ai</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">sa•</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=na</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">hyn•</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=bo”</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">no</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=ok</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=no.</font></i></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">1sg</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=acc</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">keep</font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=adv</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">eat</font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=goal</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">give</font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=imp</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">say</font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=cos</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=quot</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"> <span style="font-size:13pt">‘keep
giving me and my wife to eat, for as long as you live, until I die’</span></font></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"> Literally something like: 'don't cross my life, don't cross my not dying'.</font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="">Then there is what I called the <i>expletive negative </i>in Atong, as in example (2). Here, the negative =<i>cha</i> really does not express negation, but works with the event specifier suffix <i>-tharap</i> (as soon as) to specify the time of the event <i>dong</i></span><i style="font-size:17.3333px">•</i><span style="font-size:17.3333px"> 'arrive'. </span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">Example (2).</font></span></p><table class="gmail-TableGrid2" border="0" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" style="border-collapse:collapse;border:none">
<tbody><tr>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">dong•</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">-ang</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">-tharap</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><b><u><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=cha</font></i></u></b></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=an</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">kyryi</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">=wa</font></i></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><i><font face="arial, sans-serif">ganang</font></i></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">arrive</font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">-away</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">-<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps"><a href="http://as.soon.as">as.soon.as</a></span></font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><b><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=neg</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></b></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps">=foc</span><span lang="EN-AU" style=""></span></font></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">be.afraid<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps"></span></font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps"><font face="arial, sans-serif">=fact</font></span></p>
</td>
<td valign="top" style="padding:0cm 5.4pt">
<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font face="arial, sans-serif">exist<span style="font-variant-numeric:normal;font-variant-east-asian:normal;font-variant-caps:small-caps"></span></font></span></p>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody></table><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt"><font face="arial, sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""> </span><span style="font-size:13pt">‘as soon as [he]
arrived, [he] was afraid’</span></font></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family:Brill,sans-serif"> </span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family:Brill,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:17.3333px">In conclusion, it seems that in Atong, negative morphemes, historically and synchronically, can be used in certain constructions to help with the temporal specification of events.</span><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span lang="EN-AU" style="font-family:Brill,sans-serif"><br></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font size="4" style="" face="arial, sans-serif">Best,</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font size="4" face="arial, sans-serif"><br></font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm"><span lang="EN-AU" style=""><font size="4" style="" face="arial, sans-serif">Seino</font></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin:0cm;font-size:13pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:small">_________________</span><br></p></div><div><div><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_signature" data-smartmail="gmail_signature"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr"><div dir="ltr">Dr. Seino van Breugel</div><div>Assistant Professor</div><div>University College Roosevelt, Middelburg, The Netherlands</div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, Jan 12, 2022 at 9:55 AM Françoise Rose <<a href="mailto:francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr">francoise.rose@univ-lyon2.fr</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div lang="FR">
<div class="gmail-m_1552769053855938057WordSection1">
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Dear Mohammad,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">this is a very common phenomenon in (rather formal) French:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">avant qu’elle n’arrive, ….
<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">before she arrives (lit. before she does not arrive)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Unfortunately, I don’t have any reading recommendation on the topic!<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Best,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Françoise ROSE (fʁɑ̃swɑz ʁoz)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Directrice de Recherches 2<sup>ème</sup> classe, CNRS<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">Laboratoire Dynamique Du Langage (CNRS/Université Lyon2)<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">16 avenue Berthelot<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">69007 Lyon<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)">FRANCE<u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,78,121)"><a href="http://www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE" target="_blank">www.ddl.cnrs.fr/ROSE</a></span><i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,78,121)"><u></u><u></u></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif;color:rgb(31,73,125)"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
<div>
<div style="border-right:none;border-bottom:none;border-left:none;border-top:1pt solid rgb(225,225,225);padding:3pt 0cm 0cm">
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif">De :</span></b><span style="font-size:11pt;font-family:Calibri,sans-serif"> Lingtyp <<a href="mailto:lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp-bounces@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>>
<b>De la part de</b> mohammad rasekh<br>
<b>Envoyé :</b> mardi 11 janvier 2022 16:18<br>
<b>À :</b> LINGTYP LINGTYP <<a href="mailto:lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a>><br>
<b>Cc :</b> Fariba Sabouri <<a href="mailto:faribasabouri@gmail.com" target="_blank">faribasabouri@gmail.com</a>><br>
<b>Objet :</b> [Lingtyp] Negation marks adverbial clauses<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif">Dear All,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif">I hope you have started a happy new year.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif">In the corpus of one of my students in Hamedani Persian (a variety spoken in Hamedan, west of Iran), we have found some adverbial clauses in which the verb is marked by negative prefix, but it
does not mean negative. These adverbial clauses mark Time (meaning 'as soon as') and Reason, or both at the same time. Some examples:<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:black">1.</span><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:7pt;line-height:200%;color:black">
</span><i><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;line-height:200%;font-family:Garamond,serif;color:black;background:white">i ke kur
<b>na</b></span></i><b><i><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif">-šod</span></i></b><i><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif">, man diye ruz-e xoš na-didam</span></i><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydp24f6f745msolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;line-height:200%"> he that blind NEG-become, I anymore day-EZ happy NEG-see-1SG
</span><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:10pt;line-height:200%"> As soon as he got blind, I had no good times.</span><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%">2.<span style="font-size:7pt;line-height:200%"> </span><i><span lang="EN-US">das ke
<b>ne-mi-ke</b></span></i><b><i><span lang="EN-US">š</span></i></b><b><i><span lang="EN-US">-i</span></i></b><i><span lang="EN-US"> ru har</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">č</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">i,
x</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">ā</span></i><i><span lang="EN-US">k-e</span></i><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-US"> hand that NEG-IND-touch-2SG over everything, dirty-BE.3SG</span><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
<p class="gmail-m_1552769053855938057ydpa53b1b4fmsolistparagraph" style="line-height:200%"><span lang="EN-US"> As you touch everything, it is dirty.</span><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif">I wonder if there is any other language in which the adverbial clause is negative in form but not in meaning. I searched to find some evidence or some sources which mention
this, but I was not successful. I appreciate your comments.<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif">Best regards,<u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:200%"><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif">Mohammad <u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u> <u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162)">Mohammad Rasekh-Mahand </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162)">Linguistics Department,</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162)">Bu-Ali Sina University, </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162)">Hamedan, Iran.</span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162)">Postal Code: 6517838695 </span><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond,serif"><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:10pt;font-family:Garamond,serif"><a href="https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand" target="_blank"><span style="font-size:7.5pt;font-family:Verdana,sans-serif;color:rgb(76,118,162)">https://basu.academia.edu/MohammadRasekhmahand<br>
</span></a><u></u><u></u></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
</div>
_______________________________________________<br>
Lingtyp mailing list<br>
<a href="mailto:Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org" target="_blank">Lingtyp@listserv.linguistlist.org</a><br>
<a href="http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp" rel="noreferrer" target="_blank">http://listserv.linguistlist.org/mailman/listinfo/lingtyp</a><br>
</blockquote></div>